idiopathic scoliosis

Idiopathic scoliosis is a type of scoliosis that develops without any clear or obvious cause [12]. It is the most common form of scoliosis, affecting approximately 2% to 4% of adolescents [11]. The exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis is still unknown, but research suggests that it may have a genetic link and can run in families [2].

Idiopathic scoliosis typically develops during puberty, around the age of 10, and is usually non-painful [8][10]. It is frequently first detected by parents or pediatricians who notice asymmetry of the spine. A diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis is made when all other causes are excluded, and it comprises about 80 percent of all cases [14].

Idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by a three-dimensional deviation of the spinal axis, with spinal curvature exceeding 10° on a plain anteroposterior X-ray being the main diagnostic criterion [4]. The condition can cause the spine to twist or rotate, resulting in a curved appearance that may resemble the letter "C" or "S" [1].

It's worth noting that while the exact cause of idiopathic scoliosis is still unknown, researchers and doctors believe that a combination of factors plays a role in its development. Doctors diagnose scoliosis by examining your child or teen and taking X-rays to confirm the diagnosis [15].

Idiopathic scoliosis, a type of scoliosis that occurs in adolescents and young adults, can manifest itself through various physical signs and symptoms.

Physical Signs:

• Uneven shoulders, hips, or waist [6]
• One leg appearing longer than the other due to curvature of the spine [6]
• Ribs more prominent on one side of the body [6]

These physical signs are often noticeable when viewed from behind, and can be a cause for concern among parents and healthcare professionals.

Symptoms:

• Backache or low-back pain that radiates down the legs [5]
• Weakness or tired feeling in the spine after sitting or standing for an extended period [5]

It's essential to note that not all individuals with idiopathic scoliosis will experience symptoms, but when they do, it can significantly impact their quality of life.

Early Detection:

Early detection and treatment of idiopathic scoliosis are crucial in preventing long-term complications. Regular check-ups with a healthcare professional, particularly during adolescence, can help identify any potential issues early on.

References:

[5] - Symptoms · Backache or low-back pain that goes down the legs · Weakness or tired feeling in the spine after sitting or standing for a long time · Uneven hips or ...

[6] - What are the signs of idiopathic scoliosis? · Uneven shoulders, hips or waist. · One leg that looks longer than the other. · Ribs that stick out on one side of ...

Idiopathic scoliosis, a type of scoliosis that develops without a clear or obvious cause, can be diagnosed through various diagnostic tests. Here are some of the common tests used to diagnose idiopathic scoliosis:

• Imaging tests: Plain X-rays can confirm the diagnosis of scoliosis and reveal the seriousness of the spinal curvature [1]. However, repeated radiation exposure can become a concern because multiple X-rays will be taken over the years to see if the curve is worsening.
• Visual inspection: Most screening tests for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis are noninvasive. Screening is usually done by visual inspection of the spine to look for asymmetry of the shoulders, shoulder blades, and hips [4].
• Adam's forward bend test: The first step toward getting an idiopathic scoliosis diagnosis is typically the Adam’s forward bend test, which primarily looks for abnormal spine rotation [12]. This test involves a healthcare professional observing the patient bending forward at the waist 90 degrees with arms stretched toward the floor and knees straight.
• X-rays: Doctors diagnose scoliosis by examining your child or teen and taking x-rays [7].
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): A diagnostic test that produces three-dimensional images of body structures, including the spine. MRI is often used to rule out other conditions that may be causing the curvature [5] and can also be used in cases of infantile and juvenile idiopathic scoliosis to look for intraspinal pathology [6].
• Computed Tomography (CT) scan: A noninvasive study that uses X-rays to produce a three-dimensional image of the spine. CT scans may be ordered to determine the severity and cause of adult scoliosis [14].

Additionally, there is a genetic screening test called the ScoliScore™ available as an adjunct to clinical and x-ray information to determine risk of progression in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis. It is currently used in Caucasian patients between ages 9 - 13 with a mild scoliotic curve (less than 25 degrees) [10][11].

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis typically involves a combination of these tests, as well as a detailed medical history and physical exam to confirm the diagnosis.

Idiopathic scoliosis, a condition characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, can be treated using various methods, including drug treatment.

Pain Relief

Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen may be prescribed to alleviate discomfort and pain associated with idiopathic scoliosis [1]. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen can also reduce swelling and relieve pain [4].

Prescription Medications

In some cases, prescription medications such as opioids may be prescribed to manage severe pain. However, this is typically reserved for rare instances where other treatments have failed.

No Evidence of Effectiveness

It's worth noting that there is no evidence to suggest that electrical muscle stimulation, physical therapy, spinal manipulation, or nutritional therapies are effective in treating idiopathic scoliosis [3].

Monitoring and Observation

In many cases, idiopathic scoliosis is mild and requires only close monitoring. In such instances, treatment may not be necessary other than regular check-ups with a healthcare professional.

References:

[1] Jul 14, 2020 — Over-the-counter pain relievers such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen, prescription NSAIDs, and, in rare cases, opioids may be prescribed to ...

[3] Aug 20, 2024 — No other treatments, including electrical muscle stimulation, usual physical therapy, spinal manipulation, and nutritional therapies, have been ...

[4] Sep 28, 2024 — Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen can reduce swelling and relieve pain.

[5] In many cases, idiopathic scoliosis is mild and requires no treatment other than close monitoring.

Idiopathic Scoliosis Differential Diagnosis

Idiopathic scoliosis, a type of scoliosis that occurs without any known cause, requires thorough evaluation to rule out other possible underlying disorders. The differential diagnosis for idiopathic scoliosis involves considering various conditions that may present with similar symptoms.

• Syringomyelia: A condition characterized by the formation of a fluid-filled cavity within the spinal cord, which can lead to scoliosis.
• Spina bifida: A congenital defect in the spine where the vertebrae do not form properly, potentially leading to scoliosis.
• Arnold-Chiari malformation: A condition where the cerebellum and brainstem are displaced downward into the upper spinal canal, which can cause scoliosis.
• Leg length discrepancy: A condition where one leg is shorter than the other, which can lead to scoliosis.

These conditions must be ruled out through a comprehensive evaluation, including medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic imaging. The diagnosis of idiopathic scoliosis is made when all other possible causes are excluded.

References:

• [1] Scoliosis must be differentiated from syringomyelia, spina bifida, arnold-chiari malformation and leg length discrepancy. (Source: Search result 6)
• Idiopathic scoliosis is a diagnosis of exclusion requiring thorough evaluation for possible underlying disorders. (Source: Search result 5)