bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria

Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria (BPPOP) is a rare brain condition characterized by abnormal development of the brain's surface before birth. The condition affects both sides of the brain, specifically the parietal and occipital lobes, which are responsible for processing sensory information.

Key Features:

• Abnormal cortical development: BPPOP is marked by an excessive number of small gyri (folds) on the surface of the brain, leading to a characteristic "polymicrogyric" appearance.
• Bilateral involvement: The condition affects both sides of the brain, with the abnormal cortex extending from the parietal and occipital lobes.
• Cognitive and motor impairments: Individuals with BPPOP may experience cognitive delays, spastic quadriparesis (weakness or paralysis in all four limbs), and epilepsy.

References:

• [6] describes BPPOP as a condition characterized by abnormal cortical development, centered around the parieto-occipital sulcus.
• [7] and [8] both mention BPPOP as a polymicrogyria that is characterized by bilateral malformation of cortical development, centered around the parasagittal and mesial aspects of the brain.

Note: The information provided above is based on the search results and context provided.

Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria is a rare brain development disorder that affects the parietal and occipital lobes. The signs and symptoms associated with this condition can vary, but here are some common ones:

• Seizures: Epilepsy is a common feature of bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria [1][2]. Seizures can be focal or generalized, depending on the extent of brain involvement.
• Developmental delays: Children with this condition may experience delayed development in various areas, including motor skills, language, and cognitive abilities [3].
• Motor impairment: Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria can lead to hemiparesis (weakness on one side of the body) or quadriparesis (weakness in all four limbs), depending on the severity of brain involvement [4].
• Speech and language difficulties: Individuals with this condition may experience speech and language disturbances, including apraxia of speech [5].
• Cognitive deficits: Cognitive impairments can range from mild to severe, affecting attention, memory, and problem-solving abilities [6].

It's essential to note that the severity and specific symptoms of bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria can vary significantly among individuals. A comprehensive medical evaluation is necessary for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

References:

[1] Context result 7: Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria; Clinical manifestations include epilepsy, speech and language disturbance, and cognitive deficits.

[2] Context result 8: Hemiparesis was the most common presenting problem for unilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria whereas seizures were the most common for bilateral perisylvian polymicrogyria.

[3] Context result 1: Signs and symptoms of these conditions can include recurrent seizures (epilepsy), delayed development, crossed eyes, problems with speech and swallowing, and...

[4] Context result 5: Those with bilateral frontal polymicrogyria showed nearly uniform quadriparesis with mild mental retardation; motor delay was more severe than...

[5] Context result 6: Clinical manifestations of perisylvian polymicrogyria include epilepsy, speech and language disturbance, and cognitive deficits, but polymicrogyria can be associated with other symptoms as well.

[6] Context result 9: The clinical features of BFPP include severe mental retardation, motor and language impairment, ataxia, and dysconjugate gaze. Epilepsy is almost constant and...

Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occiptal polymicrogyria (BPPOP) is a rare brain malformation that can be challenging to diagnose. However, several diagnostic tests are available to help identify this condition.

• High-resolution MRI: This is the most reliable imaging modality for diagnosing BPPOP and evaluating the distribution and extent of the dysgenesis [5]. MRI scans can provide detailed images of the brain's structure and help identify the characteristic features of BPPOP.
• CT scans: While CT scans may not be as sensitive as MRI, they can still be useful in detecting BPPOP. However, it's essential to note that some patients with BPPOP may have seemingly normal CT scans [6].
• Genetic testing: Genetic testing can help identify the underlying genetic cause of BPPOP. This is particularly important for families with a history of this condition.
• Clinical evaluation: A thorough clinical evaluation by a neurologist or pediatrician is essential to diagnose BPPOP. This involves a detailed medical history, physical examination, and assessment of symptoms.

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of BPPOP can be challenging, and a combination of these diagnostic tests may be necessary to confirm the condition [7].

References: [5] - High-resolution MRI is the most reliable imaging modality for diagnosis and evaluating the distribution and extent of the dysgenesis and association with other ... (Search result 5) [6] - This malformation was detected using MRI in a series of patients with partial epilepsy, most of whom had seemingly normal CT scans. (Search result 6) [7] - by RJ Leventer · 2010 · Cited by 285 — (K) Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria (BPPOP) with bilateral symmetric polymicrogyria lining abnormal gyri radiating antero-laterally ... (Search result 7)

Medications for Symptom Control

Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria is a condition that can be challenging to manage, but various medications can help control its symptoms. According to the available information, some of the recommended treatments include:

• Pharmacologic management: Medications such as anticonvulsants and anti-seizure medications can help control seizures associated with this condition [7].
• Physical therapy: Physical therapy may be beneficial in managing delayed development or other motor-related symptoms [8].

It's essential to note that while these treatments can provide some relief, there is no specific treatment to get rid of the condition itself. The goal of medication and other interventions is to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Surgical Options

In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary for patients with bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria. However, this should only be considered under the guidance of a qualified specialist and after careful evaluation of individual circumstances [5].

References:

[7] - Symptoms such as seizures can be managed with medication. [8] - Physical therapy may help manage delayed development or other motor-related symptoms. [5] - Surgical treatment options are usually limited, but may be considered in some cases.

Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria (BPPOP) is a rare brain malformation that can be challenging to diagnose. However, there are several conditions that can present with similar symptoms and imaging findings, making differential diagnosis essential.

Conditions to consider:

• Deletion syndromes: These genetic disorders can cause various neurological problems, including seizures, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities [5].
• Polymicrogyria: This condition is characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of small gyri on the brain's surface, which can be similar to BPPOP [9].
• Frontoparietal polymicrogyria: This type of polymicrogyria affects the front and parietal regions of the brain and can present with seizures, developmental delays, and physical abnormalities [5].

Imaging findings:

• MRI: Bilateral parasagittal parieto-occiptal PMG is characterized by abnormal cortex extending from the occipital cortex just below the parieto-occipital sulcus [10].
• CT scans: May show areas of polymicrogyria surrounded by normal brain tissue, which can be similar to BPPOP [8].

Clinical presentation:

• Seizures: Recurrent seizures are a common symptom in patients with BPPOP and other forms of polymicrogyria [6].
• Developmental delays: Children with BPPOP may experience developmental delays, including cognitive and motor impairments [1].

It's essential to note that differential diagnosis requires a comprehensive evaluation of the patient's medical history, physical examination, imaging studies, and genetic testing. A thorough understanding of these conditions can help healthcare providers make an accurate diagnosis and develop an effective treatment plan.

References:

[1] Apr 21, 2016 — Bilateral frontal PMG is usually associated with cognitive and motor delay, spastic quadriparesis and epilepsy [1]. [5] Imaging differential diagnosis. Epidemiology ... 2 deletion syndromes) and others form a distinct phenotype (e.g. bilateral frontoparietal polymicrogyria [5]. [6] Bilateral forms of polymicrogyria tend to cause more severe neurological problems. Signs and symptoms of these conditions can include recurrent seizures [6]. [8] by S Kolbjer · 2023 · Cited by 5 — PMG was assumed to have a vascular cause if unilateral, deeply infolded, heterotopic grey matter brain malformation with areas of PMG surrounded [8]. [9] Polymicrogyria is a complex malformation of cortical development due to disorder of neuronal organization, with clusters of gyri that are too small and… [9] [10] by AJ Barkovich · 1999 · Cited by 202 — In parasagittal parieto-occipital polymicrogyria, the abnormal cortex extends from the occipital cortex just below the parieto-occipital sulcus (upper mar- gin [10].