age related macular degeneration 4

Symptoms of Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration

The most common symptom of dry AMD is blurred vision. Objects in the center part of your vision often look distorted and dim, and colors may appear faded [1]. This can make everyday activities such as reading, driving, or watching TV more difficult.

In addition to blurred vision, people with dry AMD may also experience:

• Distorted vision: Straight lines may appear wavy or crooked
• Dim vision: Objects in the center of your vision may appear dim or washed out
• Color changes: Colors may appear faded or less vibrant

It's worth noting that some people with dry AMD may not experience any symptoms at all, and the condition can progress slowly over time [3].

Early Signs of Age-Related Macular Degeneration

In the early stages, you might not have any noticeable signs of macular degeneration. However, your doctor may be able to detect changes to your macula during an eye exam [4]. It's essential to have routine eye exams to identify early signs of this condition.

What to Expect in Early Stages

• No noticeable symptoms
• Changes to the macula detected by a doctor during an eye exam

It's crucial to note that age-related macular degeneration can progress to more severe stages if left untreated. Regular eye exams can help detect early signs and prevent vision loss [1].

Diagnosing Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can be diagnosed through various tests and examinations. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to detect AMD:

• Visual Acuity Test: This test checks your central vision by using a chart with letters or symbols. It helps determine if you have any visual impairment.
• Ophthalmoscopy: This examination allows your doctor to look directly into your eye and examine the retina, a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light.
• Fundus Fluorescein Angiography (FFA): This test uses a special dye to highlight any blood vessels in the retina. It helps detect leaking blood vessels, which is common in the wet type of AMD.
• Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT): This imaging test creates high-resolution images of the retina and can help diagnose AMD by detecting changes in the retinal layers.
• Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging (AF): This test uses a special camera to take pictures of the retina, which helps detect any changes or abnormalities.

These diagnostic tests are used to confirm a diagnosis of macular degeneration. Your eye doctor will review your medical and family history and conduct a complete eye exam to determine if you have AMD.

References

• [4] - Your doctor will check for AMD by testing your vision and examining your retina, a layer of tissue at the back of your eye that processes light.
• [5] - To confirm a diagnosis of macular degeneration, your eye doctor reviews your medical and family history and conduct a complete eye exam.

Treatment Options for Dry Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Dry AMD, also known as atrophic or non-exudative AMD, is a condition where the macula, the part of the retina responsible for central vision, deteriorates over time. While there is no cure for dry AMD, several treatment options are available to slow its progression and improve vision.

• AREDS2 Supplement: The Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 (AREDS2) supplement is a dietary supplement that has been shown to slow the progression of dry AMD. It contains a combination of vitamins and minerals, including vitamin C, vitamin E, lutein, zeaxanthin, and omega-3 fatty acids.
• Pegcetacoplan (Syfovre): Pegcetacoplan is an investigational drug that has been approved for the treatment of dry AMD. It works by reducing inflammation in the eye and slowing

Differential Diagnoses for Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) can be challenging to diagnose, particularly in patients within the commonly affected age group. When considering differential diagnoses, several conditions should be taken into account.

• Other genetic macular diseases: Stargardt disease, Best disease, and pattern dystrophies are all potential differential diagnoses for AMD.
• Angioid streaks: These are breaks in Bruch's membrane that can cause vision loss and may be mistaken for AMD.
• Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR): This condition involves the accumulation of fluid under the retina, which can cause visual disturbances similar to those experienced in AMD.
• Choroidal Melanoma: A type of eye cancer that can cause vision loss and may be mistaken for AMD.
• Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV): This condition involves the growth of new blood vessels under the retina, which can cause vision loss and may be mistaken for AMD.

These differential diagnoses highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis and treatment planning in patients with suspected AMD. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and diagnostic tests such as optical coherence tomography (OCT) and fluorescein angiography are essential to rule out these conditions and ensure proper management of AMD.

References:

• [1] Jul 15, 2024 — Diagnostic Considerations
• [2] Aug 28, 2023 — Differential Diagnoses
• [9] Abstract Drusen, pigmentary changes, retinochoroidal atrophy, and macular neovascularization are the most characteristic age-related macular degeneration features.