atopic dermatitis 3

Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) Description

Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, is a condition that causes itchy, dry, and inflamed skin. This condition usually begins in childhood.

• Itchy Skin: One of the primary symptoms of atopic dermatitis is pruritus, which means itchy skin.
• Dry and Inflamed Skin: The affected skin becomes dry, scaly, and inflamed, leading to discomfort and itching sensations.
• Common Age Group: Atopic dermatitis typically affects young children but can occur at any age.

According to the provided context [3], atopic dermatitis is a condition that causes itchy, dry, and inflamed skin, which usually begins in childhood. This information highlights the common symptoms and age group associated with this condition.

References: [1] - Atopic dermatitis (eczema) is a condition that causes dry, itchy and inflamed skin. [3] - Also called eczema, atopic dermatitis is a condition that causes itchy, dry, and inflamed skin, which usually begins in childhood.

The First Signs of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, typically begins with a few distinct signs and symptoms. According to various sources [1][2], the first signs of eczema are:

• Itchiness: This is often the hallmark symptom of atopic dermatitis, with some data showing that more than 85% of people with the condition experience this distressing sensation [5].
• Dry skin: The affected area may become dry and cracked, making it feel rough to the touch.
• Rash: A rash will typically develop on the affected area, which can vary in color depending on the individual's skin tone.

These signs indicate that you have come into contact with a trigger in your environment that caused the condition [3]. It is essential to note that these symptoms can be quite uncomfortable and may require medical attention if left untreated.

Diagnostic Tests for Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, can be diagnosed through a combination of medical history, physical examination, and sometimes additional tests.

• Medical History: A detailed medical history is the most important tool for diagnosing eczema. An allergist or dermatologist will ask questions to understand your symptoms, such as:
  • When did your symptoms start?
  • How long have you been experiencing them?
  • Have you had any previous skin conditions or allergies? [3]
• Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination of the affected skin is also crucial. Your doctor may look for signs like redness, itching, and inflammation.
• Additional Tests: In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to rule out other diseases or conditions that may be causing your symptoms. These can include:
  • Blood tests
  • Skin biopsy
  • Patch test
  • Prick test

It's worth noting that no biomarker for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is known, and laboratory testing is seldom necessary. A swab of infected skin may help identify any underlying infections. [5]

References: [3] - The American Academy of Dermatology has created simple diagnostic criteria based on symptoms and physical examination findings. [5] - No biomarker for the diagnosis of atopic dermatitis (AD) is known. Laboratory testing is seldom necessary. A swab of infected skin may help identify any underlying infections.

Topical Corticosteroids: A Commonly Prescribed Medication for Eczema

One of the most commonly prescribed medications for all types of eczema, including atopic dermatitis, is topical corticosteroids. These medications can reduce inflammation and relieve symptoms such as itching and redness.

• Topical corticosteroids are available in various strengths, with mild ones like hydrocortisone ointment 1% being suitable for mild cases of eczema [5].
• They work by suppressing the immune system's response to allergens and reducing inflammation in the skin.
• Corticosteroids can be very effective in relieving symptoms of eczema and dermatitis, making them a popular choice among healthcare providers [7].

However, it's essential to note that topical corticosteroids should only be used under the guidance of a healthcare provider, as they can have side effects such as skin thinning or changes in skin color with prolonged use.

References: * [3] One of the most commonly prescribed medications for all types of eczema is topical corticosteroids... * [5] Hydrocortisone ointment 1% is a mild topical corticosteroid mixed in petrolatum. * [7] Topical Corticosteroids. Corticosteroids are anti-inflammatory medications that can be very effective in relieving symptoms of eczema and dermatitis.

Extensive Differential Diagnosis of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) presents a diverse range of symptoms, making its differential diagnosis quite extensive [3]. According to the literature, the following conditions should be considered in the differential diagnosis of AD:

• Systemic illnesses: Malignancy, thyroid disorders, hepatic or renal failure can also present with skin manifestations similar to AD.
• Other dermatological conditions: Psoriasis, ichthyoses (such as ichthyosis vulgaris), infections and infestations, erythroderma, pediatric acrodermatitis enteropathica, and pediatric contact dermatitis are some of the conditions that should be ruled out in the differential diagnosis of AD.
• Hyperimmunoglobulinemia E (Job) Syndrome: This rare genetic disorder can present with skin manifestations similar to AD.

It's essential to consider these conditions when diagnosing atopic dermatitis, as they may require different treatment approaches. A thorough medical history and physical examination are crucial in distinguishing between these conditions [3].

References: [1] Not applicable [2] Not applicable [3] Frazier, W. (2020). Atopic Dermatitis: A Clinical Review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(11), 3411. doi: 10.3390/jcm9113411