obsolete Atrophy of sphincter of iris

Obsolete Term: Essential Iris Atrophy

Essential iris atrophy, also known as progressive iris atrophy, was a rare and progressive disorder characterized by the degeneration or thinning of the iris. This condition often affected only one eye (unilateral) and developed slowly over time.

Key Features:

• Pupil Displacement: The pupil was often out of place and/or distorted.
• Iris Degeneration: Patchy areas of degeneration (atrophy) on the iris, and/or holes in the iris were common.
• Corectopia: The edge of the pupil may turn outward (ectropion uvea).
• Gradual Onset: The changes in the shape and placement of the pupil were usually noticed before any change in vision.

Causes and Effects:

The exact cause of essential iris atrophy was unknown, but it was believed to be a degenerative condition. This disorder may have led to various visual disturbances and affected the overall health of the eye.

Note: Essential iris atrophy is now considered an obsolete term, and the condition is referred to as progressive iris atrophy or other specific types of iris atrophy (e.g., senile iris atrophy).

References:

• [1] Characterized by a pupil that is out of place and/or distorted areas of degeneration on the iris (atrophy), and/or holes in the iris. This disorder most frequently affects only one eye (unilateral) and develops slowly over time.
• [14] The clinical picture is dominated by corectopia and progressive dissolution of the iris.
• [13] Major symptoms may include a displaced and/or distorted pupil, patchy areas of degeneration on the iris, and/or holes in the iris.

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms of atrophy of the sphincter of the iris:

• Pupil constriction: Despite pre-operative dilatation with standard mydriatic drugs, the pupil may constrict [5].
• Poor light reflex: The irregularly shaped pupil may exhibit poor light reflex due to atrophy of the iris sphincter [15].
• Iris holes: Holes in the iris can be a sign of atrophy of the sphincter muscle [11].
• Displaced and/or distorted pupil: A displaced and/or distorted pupil can be a major symptom of essential iris atrophy [11].
• Patchy areas of degeneration (atrophy) on the iris: Patchy areas of degeneration (atrophy) on the iris can be a sign of essential iris atrophy [11].

These signs and symptoms are associated with various conditions, including:

• Essential iris atrophy: A rare condition characterized by corectopia, iris atrophy, iris hole formation, and ectropion uveae [10].
• Iridoschisis: A rare condition defined as a separation of the anterior iris stroma from the posterior stroma and muscle layers [9].

It's worth noting that these conditions are relatively rare and may have different causes and symptoms.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests that can be used to diagnose atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.

• Slit-lamp examination: This is a crucial diagnostic tool in identifying plateau iris and other conditions related to the iris. It allows for the assessment of the angle, which is usually narrow or closed, and the iris, which may be flat (Source: [6]).
• Gonioscopy: This test is essential for making the clinical diagnosis of angle recession and can also be used to diagnose plateau iris (Source: [9]).
• Carotid duplex ultrasound (DUS): While primarily used to diagnose vascular conditions, DUS may also be used to visualize the extent of nonperfusion and subsequent damage to the iris, retina, and choroid (Source: [13]).

It's worth noting that these diagnostic tests are not specifically mentioned as being used for atrophy of the sphincter of the iris. However, they can still provide valuable information about the condition of the eye and may be used in conjunction with other tests to diagnose this specific condition.

In terms of obsolete diagnostic tests, it is difficult to say without more context. However, some older tests that were once used to diagnose conditions related to the iris include:

• Tonometry: This test was once used to measure intraocular pressure (Source: [1]). While still a useful diagnostic tool in certain situations, tonometry may not be as commonly used today for diagnosing atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.
• Pupillary margin assessment: This involves assessing the pupillary margin for tears, neovascularization, or ectropion uveae (Source: [3]). While still a useful diagnostic tool in certain situations, this test may not be as commonly used today for diagnosing atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.

It's essential to consult with an ophthalmologist or other medical professional for accurate and up-to-date information on diagnostic tests for atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited treatment options available for atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.

• According to search result [8], AAU (Anterior Uveitis) is usually treated with a tapering course of corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation as well as cycloplegic-mydriatic drugs, such as atropine. However, this treatment may not be directly applicable to atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.
• Search result [11] mentions that treatment options for iris atrophy depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. However, it does not provide specific information on drug treatment for atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.

Unfortunately, there is limited information available in the provided context regarding drug treatment specifically for atrophy of the sphincter of the iris. It's possible that this condition may be treated with a combination of medications, but more research would be needed to determine the most effective course of treatment.

Some potential treatment options that may be considered include:

• Corticosteroid eye drops to reduce inflammation
• Cycloplegic-mydriatic drugs such as atropine to dilate the pupil and reduce spasms
• Other medications such as antibiotics or anti-inflammatory agents, depending on the underlying cause of the condition

However, it's essential to consult with an ophthalmologist for a proper diagnosis and treatment plan. They can assess the individual case and provide personalized recommendations based on their expertise.

References:

[8] by BTK Hui · 2020 · Cited by 2 [11] Treatment options for iris atrophy depend on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for differential diagnoses related to atrophy of the sphincter of the iris.

The differential diagnoses of atrophy of the sphincter of the iris include:

• Iris atrophy-thinning of the iris stroma, especially at the pupillary margin where the iris sphincter muscle is located-is a common finding in older dogs [12].
• Progressive (essential) iris atrophy, which is characterized by corectopia and progressive dissolution of the iris [15].
• Iridoschisis, which is a rare condition that involves thinning and splitting of the iris stroma [1].
• Iris sphincter tears, mydriasis, iris atrophy, iridoschisis, iridodonesis, phacodonesis, and subluxated lens are other abnormalities that may be encountered with trauma [2].

It's worth noting that these conditions can have overlapping symptoms and it's essential to consider the clinical context and perform a thorough examination to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.

References:

[1] - The differential diagnoses of iridoschisis include two other principal stromal anomalies of the iris, iridocorneal endothelial (ICE) syndrome ... [2] - The meticulous physician will also look for other abnormalities encountered with trauma, such as iris sphincter tears, mydriasis, iris atrophy, iridoschisis, iridodonesis, phacodonesis and a subluxated lens. [12] - Iris Atrophy Iris atrophy—thinning of the iris stroma, especially at the pupillary margin where the iris sphincter muscle is located—is a common fi nding in older dogs. This condition may result in anisocoria and/ or PLR abnormalities if dysfunction of the sphincter [15] - Progressive (essential) iris atrophy. In progressive iris atrophy (known as essential iris atrophy in the past) the clinical picture is dominated by corectopia and progressive dissolution of the iris (Fig. 16–6).