obsolete chronic glomerulonephritis with lesion of proliferative glomerulonephritis

Chronic Glomerulonephritis with Lesion of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis: A Rare and Obsolete Condition

Chronic glomerulonephritis with lesion of proliferative glomerulonephritis is a rare and obsolete condition characterized by a slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli occurring status post infection with streptococcus. This condition was previously classified as a distinct entity, but it is now considered a part of the broader spectrum of glomerulonephritis.

Definition

• A slowly progressive inflammation of the glomeruli occurring status post infection with streptococcus [4]
• A chronic and progressive form of glomerulonephritis characterized by the presence of proliferative lesions in the glomeruli [3]

Causes and Risk Factors

• Infection with streptococcus is a known cause of this condition [4]
• Other autoimmune diseases may also be linked to this condition [8]

Complications

• This condition can lead to complications such as:
  • Nephrotic syndrome: A condition characterized by the loss of large amounts of protein in the urine [9]
  • Proliferative glomerulonephritis: A condition characterized by the presence of proliferative lesions in the glomeruli [3]

Treatment and Management

• Treatment options for this condition are limited, and it is often managed symptomatically [14]
• Guidelines for treatment of class IV lupus nephritis may also be applicable to this condition [15]

Note: This information is based on search results 4, 3, 8, 9, 14, and 15.

Chronic Glomerulonephritis Signs and Symptoms

Chronic glomerulonephritis, a type of kidney disease, can manifest with various signs and symptoms. In cases where the condition is associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis, the following symptoms may be observed:

• Minimal acute symptoms: Some individuals may experience minimal or no noticeable symptoms in the early stages of chronic glomerulonephritis.
• Chronic fatigue: Prolonged fatigue can be a symptom of chronic glomerulonephritis, particularly when associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis.
• Failure to thrive: In some cases, individuals may experience failure to thrive, which is characterized by a lack of weight gain or growth in children and adolescents.
• Unexplained anemia: Anemia can be a symptom of chronic glomerulonephritis, especially when associated with proliferative glomerulonephritis. This occurs due to the kidneys' inability to produce sufficient erythropoietin, a hormone that stimulates red blood cell production.
• Features of chronic renal failure: As the condition progresses, individuals may experience symptoms related to chronic kidney disease, such as:
  • Proteinuria (excess protein in the urine)
  • Hematuria (blood in the urine)
  • Edema (swelling due to fluid retention)

These symptoms can vary depending on the underlying cause and severity of the proliferative glomerulonephritis. It is essential to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

References:

• [7] Chronic glomerulonephritis: Minimal acute symptoms; may have chronic fatigue, failure to thrive, or unexplained anemia with features of chronic renal failure, ...
• [9] Mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a condition that affects the kidneys. It may present with nephrotic syndrome, which is a group of symptoms that include protein in the urine (proteinuria), low blood protein levels, high cholesterol levels, high triglyceride levels, and swelling.
• [10] A mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis is seen in mild or early cases and the most common histological change in advanced cases is a mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis, seen in about 50% of patients. The next most frequently seen histological lesion is a focal segmental glomerulosclerosis.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Chronic Glomerulonephritis with Lesion of Proliferative Glomerulonephritis

Proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN) is a type of immune-mediated disorder that affects the kidneys. In cases where chronic glomerulonephritis has progressed to proliferative GN, several diagnostic tests can be employed to confirm the presence of this condition.

• Kidney Function Tests: These tests assess the overall function of the kidneys and can help identify any abnormalities in kidney function associated with proliferative GN.
• Urinalysis: This test involves examining a urine sample for signs of infection or inflammation, such as blood or protein in the urine. Proliferative GN often presents with hematuria (blood in the urine) and/or proteinuria (excess protein in the urine).
• Imaging Studies: Imaging tests like ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI can help visualize the kidneys and detect any structural abnormalities associated with proliferative GN.
• Biopsy: A kidney biopsy is a minimally invasive procedure that involves taking a small sample of kidney tissue for examination under a microscope. This test can provide definitive evidence of proliferative GN by identifying characteristic lesions in the glomeruli.

Additional Tests

In some cases, additional tests may be necessary to rule out other conditions or to determine the underlying cause of proliferative GN. These may include:

• Blood Tests: Blood tests can help identify any underlying infections or inflammatory conditions that may be contributing to proliferative GN.
• Immunological Tests: Immunological tests can help detect the presence of specific antibodies or immune complexes associated with proliferative GN.

References

• [3] First, MPGN-like variants of other glomerulonephritis have to be excluded. IgA nephropathy and Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis can present with an MPGN-like clinical picture.
• [9] In addition, WBC casts are not highly specific because other inflammatory kidney lesions (proliferative glomerulonephritis and acute papillary necrosis) may also produce WBC casts.
• [13] Tests to assess your kidney function and make a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include:
• [14] resulting in proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN). The proliferative GN ensues from 2 basic inflammatory responses: first, the proliferation of indigenous cells of the glomerulus, such as mesangial cells, endothelial cells, and parietal epithelial cells, and/or infiltrating mononuclear or polymorphonuclear cells.

Based on the search results, it appears that there are various treatment options for chronic glomerulonephritis, including drug treatments.

• Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs are commonly used to calm the immune system and stop it from attacking the kidneys (7). These medications can be effective in treating certain types of glomerulonephritis, such as those caused by problems with the immune system (2).
• In some cases, corticosteroids and cytotoxic therapy may be recommended to induce remission (4). This treatment approach is often used for patients with severe or refractory disease.
• Other medications, such as rituximab, have been shown to be effective in treating glomerular diseases with minimal adverse effects (6).
• Additionally, corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs may be used to treat nephrotic range proteinuria, which can occur in some cases of glomerulonephritis (8).

It's worth noting that the specific treatment approach will depend on various factors, including the underlying cause of the disease, the severity of symptoms, and the patient's overall health.

• For example, patients with lupus nephritis may be treated with pulse methylprednisolone in combination with MMF or cyclophosphamide (5).
• In some cases, expanded access to investigational medical products may be available for patients with severe or life-threatening disease who have no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options (12).

Overall, the treatment of chronic glomerulonephritis can involve a range of medications and approaches, depending on the specific characteristics of the disease.

References:

• [2] Immunosuppressants may be recommended to treat glomerulonephritis caused by problems with the immune system.
• [4] Corticosteroids and cytotoxic therapy can induce remission in some cases of glomerulonephritis.
• [6] Rituximab has been shown to be effective in treating glomerular diseases with minimal adverse effects.
• [7] Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs are used to calm the immune system and stop it from attacking the kidneys.
• [8] Corticosteroids and immunosuppressive drugs may be used to treat nephrotic range proteinuria.