obsolete acute renal failure with lesion of renal cortical necrosis

Renal Cortical Necrosis (RCN): A Rare Cause of Acute Kidney Injury

Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) is a rare and severe disorder that affects the kidneys, leading to acute kidney injury. It is characterized by the death of renal cortical tissue, which can result in permanent damage to the kidneys.

Causes and Associations

RCN is often associated with obstetric emergencies, such as postpartum hemorrhage or placental abruption [4][5]. Other predisposing conditions include sepsis, trauma, and severe burns. In some cases, RCN may be caused by thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) following malaria or other infections [3].

Symptoms and Diagnosis

The symptoms of RCN can vary depending on the severity of the condition. They may include hematuria, proteinuria, glomerulonephritis, and acute tubular necrosis [2]. Diagnosis is often challenging due to its rarity and similarity to other types of acute kidney injury. Imaging tests, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), can help confirm the diagnosis by showing characteristic enhancement patterns on cross-sectional imaging [11][14].

Treatment and Prognosis

Treatment for RCN typically involves supportive care, including dialysis and fluid management. In some cases, renal replacement therapy may be necessary to support kidney function until recovery occurs. However, prognosis is generally poor, with many patients experiencing permanent kidney damage or requiring long-term dialysis [6][9].

References:

• [1] Renal cortical necrosis (RCN) was first described in 1883 by Friedlander.
• [2] It may be associated with a

Based on the provided context, here are the signs and symptoms associated with acute renal failure and renal cortical necrosis:

• Acute Renal Failure: Acute renal failure is characterized by a deterioration of renal function over a period of hours to days, resulting in the failure of the kidney to excrete waste products [8].
• Decreased Urine Output: One of the most typical clinical manifestations of acute renal failure and renal cortical necrosis is decreased urine output [13].
• Increased Creatinine: Another sign is an increase in serum creatinine by >0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours, or to >1.5 times baseline in the prior 7 days [5].
• Prolonged Anuria/Oliguria: Prolonged absence or decrease in urine production (anuria/oliguria) is also a common symptom [13].
• Azotemia: Elevated levels of nitrogenous waste products in the blood, known as azotemia, are another sign of acute renal failure and renal cortical necrosis [13].
• Hypokalemia: Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) can also be present in individuals with acute renal failure and renal cortical necrosis [13].
• Metabolic Acidosis: Metabolic acidosis, a condition characterized by an excess of acid in the body, is another symptom associated with acute renal failure and renal cortical necrosis [13].

It's worth noting that these symptoms can also be present in other conditions, and therefore, a definitive diagnosis of renal cortical necrosis requires further investigation, such as imaging tests or kidney biopsy.

References: [5] - Increase in serum creatinine by >0.3 mg/dl within 48 hours · Increase in serum creatinine to >1.5 times baseline in the prior 7 days · Urine ... [8] - Acute renal failure is characterized by a deterioration of renal function over a period of hours to days, resulting in the failure of the kidney to excrete ... [13] - The most typical clinical manifestations are acute renal failure with decreased urine output and increasing creatinine. Other signs are prolonged anuria/oliguria, azotemia, hypokalemia and metabolic acidosis.

Understanding Renal Cortical Necrosis

Renal cortical necrosis is a rare and severe form of acute kidney injury, characterized by ischemic necrosis of the renal cortex. This condition can lead to acute renal failure, which requires immediate medical attention.

Causes and Symptoms

The exact cause of renal cortical necrosis is often unclear, but it may be related to underlying conditions such as:

• Predisposing factors like severe trauma, shock,

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for differential diagnoses for acute renal failure (ARF) with a specific focus on renal cortical necrosis (RCN). Here's a summary of relevant information:

Differential Diagnoses:

• Acute tubular necrosis (ATN): This is a common cause of ARF and can be difficult to distinguish from RCN based solely on clinical presentation. [1][2]
• Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS): HUS is another condition that can present with similar symptoms to RCN, including acute kidney injury and renal failure. [3]

Other Considerations:

• Glomerulonephritis: This is a group of conditions that affect the glomeruli in the kidneys and can lead to ARF. However, it is not directly related to RCN.
• Acute interstitial nephritis: This condition involves inflammation of the spaces between the kidney tubules and can cause ARF.

Diagnostic Challenges:

• The differential diagnosis for ARF with RCN can be challenging due to overlapping symptoms and clinical presentation.
• Histopathological examination by kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosing cortical necrosis, but this is an invasive procedure. [4]

Non-Enhanced Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI):

• Non-enhanced fMRI may provide important information in the diagnosis of cortical necrosis and assessment of kidney outcome. [5]

It's essential to note that a definitive diagnosis often requires a combination of clinical presentation, laboratory results, imaging studies, and histopathological examination.

References:

[1] by PM Rodríguez · 2017 · Cited by 8 [2] by HJ Kim · Cited by 53 [3] by F ur Rehman · 2023 · Cited by 1 [4] by R Wang · 2023 · Cited by 3 [5] by R Wang · 2023 · Cited by 3