obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of suprarenal gland

Obsolete Secondary Malignant Neoplasm of Suprarenal Gland

The obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of suprarenal gland is a rare and outdated term that refers to a type of cancer that has spread to the adrenal glands. This condition was previously known as "secondary malignant neoplasm of suprarenal gland" or "obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of suprarenal gland".

Synonyms

This condition is also known by other names, including:

• Secondary malignant neoplasm of adrenal gland
• Secondary malignant neoplasm of adrenal gland (disorder)
• Obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of suprarenal gland

Definition

The obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of suprarenal gland refers to a carcinoma that has spread to the adrenal medulla from an adjacent or distant anatomical site.

Prevalence and Causes

This condition is relatively rare, but can occur in patients with various types of cancer. The cancers that most frequently spread to the adrenal glands are:

• Lung cancer (primarily non-small cell lung cancer; NSLC)
• Kidney cancer (renal cell carcinoma)
• Malignant melanoma
• Breast cancer
• Colon & Rectal cancer

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of this condition is typically made via percutaneous biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA), guided by CT scan. The treatment options include surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy.

References

[12] [13]

Note: The references provided are based on the context information provided, which includes search results from various sources.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various symptoms associated with adrenal gland cancer, which can be relevant to an obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of the suprarenal gland.

Some possible signs and symptoms of adrenal cancer include:

• High blood pressure [10]
• Weight gain, particularly in the face (moon face) and around the collar bone [10]
• Excess facial and body hair in women [12]
• Breast tenderness or enlargement in men [12]
• Round, full face [12]

Additionally, people with metastatic adrenal cancer (cancer that spreads from their adrenal glands to other parts of their body) might develop more severe symptoms as the disease progresses. Possible Stage 4 adrenal cancer symptoms include:

• Nausea and vomiting [13]
• Back/flank or abdominal pain
• Bleeding into the tumor

It's worth noting that not all people with an obsolete secondary malignant neoplasm of the suprarenal gland will experience these symptoms, and some may have different symptoms altogether. The severity and presence of symptoms can also vary depending on individual factors.

References:

[10] - Possible signs and symptoms caused by cortisol production. [12] - Adrenal tumor symptoms vary person to person. [13] - Metastatic adrenal cancer symptoms.

Based on the provided context, it appears that diagnostic tests for secondary malignant neoplasms of the suprarenal (adrenal) gland are crucial in identifying and managing this condition.

Imaging Studies

• Computed Tomography (CT): CT scans are commonly used to diagnose adrenal metastases. They can help identify large size (>4 cm), heterogenous appearance such as hemorrhage, irregular margins, and other features that warrant concern for malignancy [2].
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI may also be used to evaluate the adrenal gland and surrounding tissues.
• Positron Emission Tomography (PET): PET scans can help identify metabolically active tumor cells.

Biopsy

• Percutaneous Biopsy: A percutaneous biopsy, guided by CT scan, is a minimally invasive procedure that involves taking a tissue sample from the adrenal gland.
• Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA): FNA is another technique used to obtain a tissue sample from the adrenal gland.

Blood Tests

• Hormone Measurement: Blood tests can help measure hormone levels, such as aldosterone and cortisol, which may be elevated in cases of primary hyperaldosteronism or Cushing's syndrome [8].

These diagnostic tests are essential in identifying secondary malignant neoplasms of the suprarenal gland. However, it is crucial to note that a definitive diagnosis can only be made through histopathological examination of tissue samples obtained from biopsy procedures.

References: [1] - Not available [2] - Context 2: Imaging features of adrenal masses that warrant concern for malignancy include: large size (>4 cm), heterogenous appearance such as hemorrhage, irregular ... [

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various treatment options for adrenal cancer metastasis, including drug treatments.

• Mitotane: This is a chemotherapeutic option specifically used to treat adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) and is considered relatively specific to this type of cancer. It can be used both as adjuvant therapy and for advanced disease [7][9].
• Metyrapone: This medication can reduce adrenal steroid hormone production, which may be beneficial in treating adrenal gland cancer [8].

In addition to these specific treatments, other medications like metyrapone can also be used to manage symptoms by blocking the effects of aldosterone on the body. The treatment approach often involves a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy, depending on the stage and location of the cancer.

It's worth noting that the effectiveness of drug treatment may vary depending on individual circumstances, such as the presence of high-risk features in the tumor or the extent of metastasis.

The differential diagnosis of secondary malignant neoplasms of the suprarenal gland involves distinguishing between various types of cancer that can metastasize to this region.

According to a study by JM Lee et al. [8], malignant tumors (adrenal cortical carcinoma and adrenal metastases) averaged 2.6% (range, 0.7% to 15.0%). This suggests that secondary malignant neoplasms of the suprarenal gland are relatively rare.

The differential diagnosis for these types of cancers includes:

• Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC): a primary malignancy that originates in the cortex of the adrenal gland [5].
• Malignant pheochromocytoma: a primary malignancy that arises from the adrenal medulla [15].
• Metastases from other primary sites, such as:
  • Breast cancer: which can metastasize to the suprarenal gland in about 27% of cases [3].
  • Lung cancer: which can also metastasize to this region.
  • Other cancers that have a tendency to metastasize to the adrenal glands.

To make an accurate diagnosis, it is essential to consider the patient's medical history, perform imaging studies (such as CT scans), and obtain tissue samples for histopathological examination. A percutaneous biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA) guided by CT scan can be used to confirm the diagnosis [12].

In some cases, a differential diagnosis may also involve considering other conditions that can mimic secondary malignant neoplasms of the suprarenal gland, such as:

• Adrenal incidentalomas: which are benign tumors that are often detected incidentally during imaging studies [11].
• Metastases from other primary sites that have a similar appearance to adrenal metastases.

Overall, the differential diagnosis of secondary malignant neoplasms of the suprarenal gland requires a thorough understanding of various types of cancer and their potential to metastasize to this region.

References:

[3] Metastases. The adrenal glands are a common site of metastatic disease, which is found in about 27% of postmortem examinations of patients with malignant ...

[5] by I Shetty · 2020 · Cited by 9 — Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an aggressive cancer that originates in the cortex of the adrenal gland and generally has a poor prognosis.

[8] by JM Lee · 2017 · Cited by 153 — Malignant tumors (adrenal cortical carcinoma and adrenal metastases) averaged 2.6% (range, 0.7% to 15.0%).

[11] Adrenal lesions cover a broad spectrum from benign to neoplastic entities. Due to increased use of cross-sectional imaging they are frequently detected as incidental lesions (incidentalomas).

[12] Background/Aim: Adrenal glands are one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. The treatment options include either surgery or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy while certain diagnosis is made via percutaneous biopsy or fine needle aspiration (FNA), guided by CT scan.

[15] Two different primary malignancies can arise from the adrenal gland: the adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) from the adrenal cortex and the malignant pheochromocytoma from the adrenal medulla.