cyclosporiasis

Cyclosporiasis: An Intestinal Illness

Cyclosporiasis is an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, also known as Cyclospora [1]. This parasitic infection affects the small intestine (bowel) and typically causes watery diarrhea, with frequent and sometimes explosive bowel movements [5].

Symptoms

The most common symptom of cyclosporiasis is watery diarrhea, which can last from a few days to a month or longer [3]. Symptoms may come and go, and in some cases, they may recur during the course of the infection. Other symptoms associated with cyclosporiasis include:

• Fatigue
• Anorexia (loss of appetite)
• Diarrhea

Treatment

Cyclosporiasis is treated with antibiotics [2].

Key Facts

Here are some key facts about cyclosporiasis: * Cyclospora cayetanensis oocysts are spherical, 7.5-10 µm in diameter and unsporulated when passed in feces [4]. * Infection with Cyclospora is associated with diarrhea, fatigue, and anorexia [6].

References

[1] Context result 1 [2] Context result 3 [3] Context result 3 [4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 5 [6] Context result 6

Diagnosing Cyclosporiasis: A Comprehensive Overview

Cyclosporiasis, a parasitic infection caused by the Cyclospora cayetanensis parasite, can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity in symptoms with other gastrointestinal infections. However, various diagnostic tests are available to confirm the presence of this parasite.

Laboratory Tests

• Stool Test: A stool test is the primary method for diagnosing cyclosporiasis. This involves collecting a sample of stool from the patient and examining it under a microscope for the presence of Cyclospora oocysts [2].
• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Analysis: PCR tests can detect the DNA of the parasite in stool specimens, making them useful for outbreak investigations and confirming diagnosis [4][6].

Diagnostic Challenges

• Low-Level Shedding: Cyclospora oocysts are easily overlooked, and low-level shedding is common, which can make diagnosis difficult [1].
• Multiple Specimens Required: A single negative stool specimen does not rule out the diagnosis; three or more specimens at 2- or 3-day intervals may be required to confirm the presence of the parasite [5].

Additional Diagnostic Tools

• Imaging Techniques: While not directly used for diagnosing cyclosporiasis, imaging techniques such as MRI scans, CT scans, and ultrasounds can help rule out other gastrointestinal conditions that may present with similar symptoms [12][14].
• Clinical Evaluation: A thorough clinical evaluation by a healthcare professional is essential to determine the presence of cyclosporiasis and rule out other potential causes of gastrointestinal illness.

References

[1] Molecular diagnostic methods, such as PCR analysis, are used to look for the parasite's DNA in the stool. [2] A stool test is done to diagnose cyclosporiasis. You’ll provide a sample of your poop in a sterile container that your provider gives you. [3] Cyclosporiasis is caused by the coccidian parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis and is associated with large and complex food-borne outbreaks worldwide. [4] Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for detection of Cyclospora DNA in stool specimens are available mainly for outbreak investigations; [5] A single negative stool specimen does not rule out the diagnosis; three or more specimens at 2- or 3-day intervals may be required. [6] Cyclospora may also be detected by molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR). [7] Useful for suggests clinical disorders or settings where the test may be helpful identifying Cyclospora cayetanensis as a cause of infectious gastroenteritis. [8] Test Details. Includes. Cyclospora Examination, Isospora Examination, Concentration. Patient Preparation. Stool must not contain residual barium from diagnostic ... [9] Oct 24, 2023 — Cyclosporiasis is diagnosed by examining stool specimens. Diagnosis may be difficult due to low-level shedding. [10] Novant Health Imaging Museum offers imaging services: MRI scans, CT scans, X-rays, ultrasounds & screening mammograms. Contact us for an appointment. [11] Learn about the various tests and procedures used for diagnosing cyclosporiasis, a parasitic infection caused by the Cyclospora cayetanensis parasite. [12] For more than 50 years, Charlotte Radiology has been one of the nation's largest and most progressive radiology practices. With state-of-the-art technology, innovative procedures, and 100+ subspecialized radiologists, our offering is unparalleled - all part of our unwavering commitment to elevating both patient care and the patient experience. [13] Testing and diagnosis. ... Therefore, when evaluating persons with symptoms consistent with cyclosporiasis, specifically request testing for this parasite. If indicated, stool specimens should also be checked for other microbes that can cause a similar illness. Challenges in diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Cyclosporiasis

Cyclosporiasis, a form of food poisoning caused by the parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, can be effectively treated with antibiotics. The primary treatment for cyclosporiasis is a combination of two antibiotics: trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), also known as Bactrim, Septra, or Cotrim*.

Recommended Treatment Regimen

The recommended treatment regimen for cyclosporiasis typically involves taking double-strength TMP/SMX for 7 to 10 days. In patients with end-stage HIV, higher doses and longer treatment durations may be necessary [4][5].

Effectiveness of Treatment

Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) has been proven effective in managing cyclosporiasis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised hosts [5]. Symptom resolution is usually noted 2 to 3 days into treatment, with most patients experiencing full recovery within a week or two.

Alternative Treatment Options

For individuals allergic to sulfa drugs, alternative treatment options may be necessary. In such cases, healthcare providers should consult with the patient to determine the best course of action [2].

Importance of Rest and Hydration

In addition to antibiotic treatment, resting and drinking plenty of fluids is essential for those experiencing diarrhea due to cyclosporiasis [2]. This can help alleviate symptoms and support overall recovery.

References: [1] Context result 2 [2] Context result 2 [4] Context result 4 [5] Context result 5

Understanding Differential Diagnosis in Cyclosporiasis

Cyclosporiasis, an intestinal illness caused by the microscopic parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis, requires a comprehensive approach to diagnosis. The differential diagnosis process involves ruling out other possible causes of symptoms and identifying the specific condition.

• Key Points for Laboratory Diagnosis:
  • Oocyst of C. cayetanensis viewed under differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy
  • Modified Ziehl-Neelsen or Kinyoun acid-fast staining technique can help identify Cyclospora
  • Oocysts of Cyclospora are autofluorescent

Differential Diagnosis Considerations

When diagnosing cyclosporiasis, healthcare providers consider the following:

• Cardinal Clinical Symptoms: Nausea/Vomiting; Fatigue; Low-grade fever/malaise
• Conventional Laboratory Methods: Microscopic examination of wet smears, staining tests, fluorescence
• Differential Diagnosis: Acute and/or prolonged diarrhea, other intestinal illnesses

Diagnostic Approaches

To confirm cyclosporiasis diagnosis:

1. Stool Tests: Molecular testing for parasite DNA or microscopic examination for oocysts
2. Microscopy: Bright-field, phase contrast, or differential interference contrast microscopy to confirm characteristic morphologic features of Cyclospora oocysts

References

• [4] by BA Mathison · 2021 · Cited by 30 — Cyclosporiasis is a foodborne and waterborne intestinal parasitic disease caused by the coccidian parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis.
• [5] Jun 12, 2023 — Nausea/Vomiting; Fatigue; Low-grade fever/malaise
• [11] Diagnosis of cyclosporiasis is by stool tests, either molecular testing for parasite DNA or microscopic examination for oocysts. A modified Ziehl-Neelsen or Kinyoun acid-fast staining technique can help identify Cyclospora.
• [13] Diagnosis. Healthcare providers ... bright-field, phase contrast, or differential interference contrast microscopy can then be used to confirm that the structures have the characteristic morphologic features of Cyclospora oocysts