obsolete gonococcal keratosis

Obsolete Gonococcal Keratosis: A Rare and Outdated Condition

Gonococcal keratosis, also known as gonococcal blennorrhagica or gonococcal keratosis (blennorrhagica), is a rare and outdated condition that was once associated with gonorrhea infections. According to the provided context [14], this condition is now considered obsolete.

Characteristics

Gonococcal keratosis was characterized by the presence of skin lesions, which were often accompanied by other symptoms such as urethritis, cachexia, and joint involvement [10]. These lesions were typically found on the skin and mucous membranes.

Comparison with Seborrheic Keratoses

It's worth noting that seborrheic keratoses are a type of benign epithelial lesion that can appear on any part of the body except for the mucous membranes, palms, and soles [11]. While both conditions involve skin lesions, gonococcal keratosis is a rare and outdated condition that was once associated with gonorrhea infections.

Current Understanding

The current understanding is that seborrheic keratoses are benign growths that can appear on the skin as people age, whereas gonococcal keratosis is an obsolete condition that was once linked to gonorrhea infections. The exact etiology of seborrheic keratoses remains unclear, but ultraviolet light exposure may play a role in their development [12].

References

• [14] Gonococcal keratosis (disorder), 15628003, Yes.
• [10] Keratosis blennorrhagica was first described by Vidal 1 in 1885, and the syndrome of urethritis, cachexia, involvement of the joints and cutaneous eruption with involvement of...
• [12] Seborrheic keratoses are benign epithelial lesions that can appear on any part of the body except for the mucous membranes, palms, and soles.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are no specific search results related to "obsolete gonococcal keratosis." However, I can try to provide some general information on the topic.

Gonococcal keratosis is a rare condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae. It typically presents with skin lesions, polyarthralgias (joint pain), and tenosynovitis (inflammation of the tendons). However, I couldn't find any information on "obsolete" gonococcal keratosis.

If you're looking for information on signs and symptoms related to gonococcal infections, here are some general points:

• Classic disseminated gonococcal infection presents with a triad of skin lesions, polyarthralgias, and tenosynovitis [1].
• Early symptoms may include fatigue (70-80%), arthralgia/arthritis (40-50%), abdominal pain (20-60%), decreased libido or impotence (10-30%) [2].

Please note that these points are general information on gonococcal infections and not specifically related to "obsolete" gonococcal keratosis.

References: [1] Mar 13, 2019 — In classic disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI), the patient presents with the triad of skin lesions, polyarthralgias, and tenosynovitis. [2] by C de Carvalho Machado · 2023 · Cited by 17 — The most common and early symptoms include fatigue (70% to 80%), arthralgia/arthritis (40% to 50%), abdominal pain (20% to 60%), decreased libido or impotence ( ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various diagnostic tests for gonococcal keratitis, a condition characterized by inflammation of the cornea caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

• Smears and scrapings: These are essential diagnostic tools for cases of sight-threatening keratitis (centrally located, immune-mediated) [6]. Smears and scrapings can be used to detect the presence of bacteria in the affected area.
• Naked-eye visual inspection: This is a simple test that can be performed on the uterine cervix after application of 5% acetic acid (VIA) and/or Lugol's iodine (VILI). However, it does not seem to be directly related to the diagnosis of gonococcal keratitis.
• Cultural methods: Prior to the introduction of cultural methods for the diagnosis of gonorrhea, it was frequently difficult to diagnose [8]. This suggests that cultural methods may still be used in some cases.

It's worth noting that the context also mentions the use of monoclonal fluorescent antibody tests or DNA probe confirmation tests, but these are not specifically mentioned as diagnostic tests for gonococcal keratitis.

In general, it seems that a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests is necessary to diagnose gonococcal keratitis. However, more information would be needed to provide a comprehensive answer.

References: [6] by S Egrilmez · 2020 · Cited by 100 — Smears and scrapings for staining and culture are indispensable diagnostic tools for cases of sight-threatening keratitis (centrally located, immune-mediated). [8] patients who are free from gonococcic infection. Prior to the introduction of cultural methods for the diagnosis of gonorrhea, it was frequently difficult ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that gonococcal keratitis is a rare and serious condition caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Treatment Overview

The treatment of gonococcal keratitis has evolved over time due to emerging resistance data for gonococcal infections. The mainstay of treatment in cases of bacterial keratitis, including gonococcal keratitis, is topical antibiotics (1). However, systemic therapy is also necessary in cases of gonococcal keratitis.

Systemic Therapy

According to the context, systemic therapy is also necessary in cases of gonococcal keratitis. This involves administering antibiotics intravenously or intramuscularly every 24 hours for at least 7-10 days (9). The recommended empirical regime for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoea includes ceftriaxone 500 mg by intramuscular injection plus azithromycin 1 g orally (2).

Alternative Therapies

In cases where there is a lack of evidence to guide treatment options, alternative therapies such as gentamicin or kanamycin have not been suggested due to lack of surveillance data (12). However, combination therapy using a highly effective gonococcal therapeutic agent with cotreatment for chlamydia has been recommended since 1985 (14).

Evolution of Treatment Guidelines

The treatment guidelines for gonococcal keratitis have evolved over time. In the past, fluoroquinolones were used to treat gonorrhea, but due to rising resistance, ceftriaxone is now the treatment of choice (6). The CDC has also recommended a single 250 mg intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone and a single 1 g oral dose of azithromycin for treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections (15).

Key Takeaways

• Topical antibiotics are the mainstay of treatment in cases of bacterial keratitis, including gonococcal keratitis.
• Systemic therapy is also necessary in cases of gonococcal keratitis.
• The recommended empirical regime for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoea includes ceftriaxone 500 mg by intramuscular injection plus azithromycin 1 g orally.
• Combination therapy using a highly effective gonococcal therapeutic agent with cotreatment for chlamydia has been recommended since 1985.

References:

(1) Context: Systemic therapy is also necessary in cases of gonococcal keratitis. (2) Context: The recommended empirical regime for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoea includes ceftriaxone 500 mg by intramuscular injection plus azithromycin 1 g orally. (6) Context: In the past, fluoroquinolones were used to treat gonorrhea, but due to rising resistance, ceftriaxone is now the treatment of choice. (9) Context: Systemic therapy involves administering antibiotics intravenously or intramuscularly every 24 hours for at least 7-10 days. (12) Context: Alternative therapies such as gentamicin or kanamycin have not been suggested due to lack of surveillance data. (14) Context: Combination therapy using a highly effective gonococcal therapeutic agent with cotreatment for chlamydia has been recommended since 1985. (15) Context: The CDC has also recommended a single 250 mg intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone and a single 1 g oral dose of azithromycin for treatment of uncomplicated gonococcal infections.

Based on the provided context, it appears that differential diagnosis for gonococcal keratosis (also known as gonorrhea-associated keratosis) is a topic of interest.

Relevant Conditions:

• Molluscum contagiosum [2]
• Condyloma latum (CL) [2]
• Vulvar papillomatosis
• Pearly penile papules

These conditions are mentioned in the context as part of the differential diagnosis for gonococcal keratosis. It's essential to note that gonococcal keratosis is a rare condition, and its diagnosis can be challenging.

Other Considerations:

• Geographic tongue
• Lichen planus
• Candidiasis
• Aphthae
• Autoimmune bullous diseases

These conditions are also mentioned in the context as part of the differential diagnosis for oral lesions. However, they may not be directly related to gonococcal keratosis.

Key Points:

• Gonococcal keratosis is a rare condition associated with gonorrhea.
• Differential diagnosis includes various skin and mucous membrane conditions.
• Molluscum contagiosum, condyloma latum, and vulvar papillomatosis are specific conditions that may be considered in the differential diagnosis.

References:

[2] - Condyloma latum (CL) is mentioned as part of the differential diagnosis for gonococcal keratosis. [1] - Molluscum contagiosum is also mentioned as a relevant condition.