photokeratitis

What is Photokeratitis?

Photokeratitis, also known as ultraviolet (UV) keratitis or snow blindness, is a painful eye condition caused by exposure to UV rays from the sun or artificial sources [1][3][4]. It's like having a sunburn on your eyes [6].

Symptoms of Photokeratitis

The symptoms of photokeratitis can include:

• Red eyes
• A foreign body sensation or gritty feeling in the eyes
• Extreme sensitivity to light
• Pain and discomfort in the eyes
• Temporary damage to the corneal tissues of the eye (clear transparent layer of the front portion of the eye) [15]

Causes of Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis is caused by exposure to UV rays, which can come from:

• The sun: Prolonged exposure to direct or reflected sunlight can cause photokeratitis
• Artificial sources: Welding, arc lamps, and other high-intensity light sources can also cause photokeratitis [3]

Prevention of Photokeratitis

To prevent photokeratitis, it's essential to protect your eyes from UV rays. This can be done by:

• Wearing protective eyewear, such as sunglasses or goggles, when working with high-intensity light sources
• Seeking shade or using an umbrella when spending time outdoors during peak sun hours
• Using sunscreen and lip balm with SPF to protect your skin and lips [5]

Treatment of Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis is usually a temporary condition that resolves on its own within 24-48 hours. However, if symptoms persist or worsen, it's essential to seek medical attention from an eye care professional.

References:

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Diagnostic Tests for Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis, also known as snow blindness or arc eye, can be diagnosed through various tests and examinations. Here are some of the common diagnostic methods used to diagnose photokeratitis:

• Physical Eye Exam: A thorough physical examination of the eyes by an eye specialist is a crucial step in diagnosing photokeratitis [3]. The doctor will evaluate the eyes and inquire about recent activities or factors that may have contributed to the condition.
• Slit-Lamp Examination: This test uses a special microscope called a slit-lamp to examine the eyes closely. It can help detect any damage or irregularities on the surface of the cornea [7].
• Corneal Fluorescein Staining: A dye called fluorescein is placed into the eyes to help reveal any superficial irregularities in the cornea [8]. This test can help diagnose photokeratitis and assess its severity.
• Ocular Ultrasound: This test uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of the eye. It can help detect any damage or abnormalities in the eye, including those caused by photokeratitis [7].
• Visual Acuity Test: A visual acuity test is used to measure the sharpness of vision and assess how well the eyes are functioning [7].
• Fluorescein Test: This test involves placing drops of fluorescein into the eyes to help reveal any irregularities on the surface of the cornea. It can be used in conjunction with other tests to diagnose photokeratitis [6].

It's worth noting that optometrists and eye specialists are qualified professionals who can diagnose photokeratitis through a comprehensive eye exam, which includes these diagnostic tests [5].

Treatment Options for Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis, also known as ultraviolet (UV) keratitis, can be treated with various medications to alleviate symptoms and promote healing.

• Pain Relief Medication: Over-the-counter pain relievers such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin) can help reduce eye pain caused by photokeratitis [1][9].
• Antibiotic Eye Drops: Topical antibiotic ointment may be prescribed to prevent infection and promote healing [8][10].
• Ophthalmic Anesthetics: Medications like Lacrilube can help reduce pain and discomfort [4].
• Pain and Inflammation-Relieving Drugs: Prescription eye drops and pain-relief medications can be used to manage symptoms [5][15].

It's essential to note that treatment for photokeratitis is generally supportive, focusing on managing symptoms rather than curing the condition. The corneal epithelium should heal within 24-72 hours with proper care.

References:

[1] - Staring directly at the sun can cause photokeratitis; Take an oral over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug like ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin). [4] - Use of a bland ointment (eg, Lacrilube) may help reduce pain. [5] - Some medications include ophthalmic antibiotics, topical cycloplegics, ophthalmic anesthetics, ophthalmic and parenteral nonsteroidal anti-... [8] - Treatment includes pain medication and often topical antibiotic ointment. [9] - Pain Relief Medication: Pain relief medication may be prescribed to reduce eye pain caused by photokeratitis. [10] - Topical drug toxicity - consider sensitivity or toxicity to drops like brimonidine, neomycin, tobramycin, any topical medications with preservatives; General Treatment. Treatment of photokeratitis is supportive, and similar to that of treatment of a corneal abrasion. [15] - Prescription eye drops Pain and inflammation-relieving drugs. Pain relief: Over-the-counter analgesics such as ...

Differential Diagnosis of Photokeratitis

Photokeratitis, also known as ultraviolet keratitis, is a painful eye condition caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. When diagnosing photokeratitis, it's essential to consider other conditions that may present with similar symptoms. Here are some differential diagnoses for photokeratitis:

• Acute viral keratoconjunctivitis: This condition can cause redness, irritation, and discharge in the eyes, similar to photokeratitis.
• Contact or toxic keratitis: Exposure to chemicals or toxins can cause eye irritation and inflammation, which may be mistaken for photokeratitis.
• Contact lens overwear: Wearing contact lenses for extended periods can lead to eye irritation and discomfort, potentially mimicking photokeratitis symptoms.
• Dry eye: Dryness in the eyes can cause irritation and redness, making it a differential diagnosis for photokeratitis.
• Foreign body: A foreign object in the eye can cause pain and irritation, which may be confused with photokeratitis.
• Conjunctivitis: This is an inflammation of the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the white part of the eyes. It can cause redness, discharge, and irritation, similar to photokeratitis.
• Episcleritis: This condition involves inflammation of the episclera, a layer of tissue on top of the white part of the eye. It can cause redness and pain in the eyes, which may be mistaken for photokeratitis.
• Acute angle-closure glaucoma: This is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. It can cause severe eye pain, redness, and vision loss, potentially mimicking photokeratitis symptoms.
• Acute anterior uveitis: This condition involves inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye. It can cause eye pain, redness, and sensitivity to light, similar to photokeratitis.

These differential diagnoses highlight the importance of a thorough examination and medical history when diagnosing photokeratitis. A healthcare professional should consider these conditions when evaluating patients with symptoms suggestive of photokeratitis.

References:

• [1] (Context 8) by J Peterson — Differential Diagnosis: UV keratitis; Viral conjunctivitis; Dry eye; Contact lens overwear; Corneal foreign body; Topical drug toxicity
• [2] (Context 12) The differential diagnoses of photokeratitis include conjunctivitis, episcleritis, acute angle-closure glaucoma, acute anterior uveitis, and superficial keratitis.
• [3] (Context 9) by KKW Chen · 2023 — For diagnosis of photokeratitis, the major methods include slit-lamp examination, corneal fluorescein staining, ocular ultrasound, and visual acuity testing.