paraurethral gland neoplasm

A paraurethral gland neoplasm, also known as a Skene's gland tumor or adenocarcinoma of the paraurethral glands, is a rare type of cancer that affects the paraurethral glands in females.

Types of Neoplasms

• A neoplasm (disease) that involves the paraurethral gland [1]
• A malignant neoplasm involving the paraurethral gland [2]

Characteristics

• The most common histological type of paraurethral tumor is reported to be leiomyoma [14]
• Adenocarcinoma of the paraurethral glands represents a very rare neoplasm of the urinary tract [11]
• A relatively wide excision of the lesion was performed in some cases [13]

Symptoms

• Frequent urination
• Painful urination
• Difficulty urinating
• Pain with sexual intercourse [5]

Location and Structure

• The paraurethral glands are located along both sides of the urethra, in the front part of the vaginal wall [7]
• Skene's glands consist of two small ducts located along both sides of the urethra [4]

Embryological Origin

• The Skene's glands are female paraurethral glands that are the embryologic homologue of the prostate [15]
• Immunohistochemical staining demonstrates tissue similarity to the prostate, including staining for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate acid phosphatase [15]

Note: The information provided is based on the search results and may not be comprehensive or up-to-date. If you have any specific questions or would like more information, please let me know!

Common Signs and Symptoms of Paraurethral Gland Neoplasm

Paraurethral gland neoplasms, also known as Skene's gland cysts or tumors, can cause a range of symptoms. These may include:

• A lump or mass near the urethra that can be felt during a physical examination
• Changes in urination habits, such as frequent urination or difficulty starting to urinate
• Urinary blockage or retention
• Pain while urinating (dysuria)
• Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs)
• Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)

Additional Symptoms

In some cases, paraurethral gland neoplasms may also cause:

• Blood in the urine
• Abnormal vaginal discharge
• Inability to hold urine (urinary incontinence)
• Burning or pain during urination

Importance of Early Detection

It's essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms, as early detection and treatment can improve outcomes. A healthcare provider can diagnose paraurethral gland neoplasms through a physical examination, imaging tests, and other diagnostic procedures.

References:

• [1] Symptoms include changes in your peeing habits. Providers can diagnose and help treat it.
• [3] It also describes the signs and symptoms of Skene's gland cancer and how the condition is diagnosed and treated.
• [5] Patients may present with chronic urethral pain, recurrent urinary tract infections, unexplained dyspareunia, and dysuria.
• [8] Patients may present with chronic urethral pain, recurrent urinary tract infections, unexplained dyspareunia, and dysuria.
• [11] What are the symptoms of a Skene’s gland cyst? A cyst on your Skene’s gland may not cause any symptoms. But if it does, common symptoms include: Peeing more than usual (frequent urination). Pain while peeing . Inability to pee (urinary retention). Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia). Frequent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• [12] Symptoms of Urethral Cancer. You may not have any symptoms at first. Over time, you might notice it’s hard for you to pee. Maybe you have a weak urine flow or can’t hold it when you do have to go.
• [15] Urethral Cancer Symptoms. Urethral cancer symptoms may be similar to symptoms of other conditions. Those who have the following symptoms should consult with a physician: Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin; Frequent urination; Trouble urinating including interruptions in urine; A lump or thickness in the perineum or penis; Pain or burning during urination.

Diagnostic Tests for Paraurethral Gland Neoplasm

Paraurethral gland neoplasm, also known as Skene's gland carcinoma, is a rare type of cancer that affects the glands located near the urethra. Diagnosing this condition can be challenging, but various tests can help confirm the presence of cancer cells.

Imaging Tests

• Ultrasound: High-resolution transvaginal or transperineal ultrasonography with employment of Doppler techniques is a useful test in the diagnosis and characterization of urethral abnormalities [14].
• MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): This imaging test can help diagnose cancerous cysts of the Skene's glands [7].

Laboratory Tests

• Urine cytology: A laboratory test that checks for abnormal cells in a sample of urine [9].
• Urinalysis: A test to check the amount of blood, sugar, and protein in the urine, as well as signs of infection or cancer cells [12].

Biopsy

• Urethral biopsy: A procedure where a sample of tissue is removed from the urethra and examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine if the cells are suspicious [13].

Other Tests

• Blood tests: To check for signs of cancer or other diseases in the blood [12].
• Digital rectal exam: A physical examination to assess the urethral area [13].
• Pelvic exam: A physical examination to assess the pelvic area, including the urethra [13].

Genetic Tests

• Integrated disease information for Paraurethral Gland Cancer: This includes associated genes, mutations, phenotypes, pathways, drugs, and more - integrated from 75 data sources [15].

These diagnostic tests can help confirm the presence of paraurethral gland neoplasm. However, it's essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of action for diagnosis and treatment.

References: [14] High-resolution transvaginal or transperineal ultrasonography with employment of Doppler techniques is a useful test in the diagnosis and characterization of urethral abnormalities. [7] Imaging tests, such as an MRI, can help diagnose cancerous cysts of the Skene's glands. [9] Urine cytology: A laboratory test that checks for abnormal cells in a sample of urine. [12] Blood tests to check for signs of cancer or other diseases in the blood. [13] If this exam suggests urethral cancer, further tests may be ordered including a urethral biopsy, in which a sample of tissue is removed from the urethra and examined under a microscope by a pathologist to determine if the cells are suspicious. [14] High-resolution transvaginal or transperineal ultrasonography with employment of Doppler techniques is a useful test in the diagnosis and characterization of urethral abnormalities. [15] Integrated disease information for Paraurethral Gland Cancer including associated genes, mutations, phenotypes, pathways, drugs, and more - integrated from 75 data sources.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are limited information available on the specific drug treatment for paraurethral gland neoplasm.

However, I can provide some general information on the treatment options for urethral cancer and paraurethral gland neoplasm. According to search result [10], urethral cancer is rare, with an annual incidence rate of 4.3 per million for men and 1.5 per million for women in the United States.

Regarding drug treatment, search result [6] mentions that chemotherapy is most often used when the cancer has spread to other organs or parts of the body. However, it does not specifically mention any drugs that are commonly used to treat paraurethral gland neoplasm.

It's worth noting that search result [11] provides information on associated genetic biomarkers for malignant urethral neoplasm, but it does not provide specific information on drug treatment.

If you're looking for more information on this topic, I would recommend searching for peer-reviewed articles or clinical trials that have investigated the use of specific drugs in treating paraurethral gland neoplasm. Some possible keywords to search for include:

• "paraurethral gland neoplasm treatment"
• "chemotherapy for urethral cancer"
• "targeted therapy for paraurethral gland neoplasm"

I hope this information is helpful! Let me know if you have any further questions.

References: [10] - The incidence was twice as high in African American individuals as in White ... [6] - Paclitaxel in combination with carboplatin (TC regimen) is the commonly used chemotherapy regimen for gynecologic malignancies (35). [11] - Drugs; Pathways; Diseases / Malignant Urethral Neoplasm.

The differential diagnosis for a paraurethral gland neoplasm, also known as Skene's gland cyst or adenocarcinoma, is wide and includes various conditions that can present with similar symptoms.

Possible Differential Diagnoses:

• Urethral Diverticulum: A condition where there is an abnormal pouching of the urethra, which can cause a mass to form in the paraurethral area [3][8].
• Gartner's Duct Cyst: A congenital cyst that forms from remnants of the mesonephric ducts and can present as a mass in the paraurethral area [2][12].
• Bartholin's Gland Cyst: A cyst that forms on the Bartholin glands, which are located near the vaginal opening and can cause a mass to form in the paraurethral area [7][12].
• Vaginal Wall Cyst: A cyst that forms on the wall of the vagina and can present as a mass in the paraurethral area [12].
• Urethral Carcinoma: A type of cancer that affects the urethra, which can cause a mass to form in the paraurethral area [9][10].

Other Conditions:

• Paraurethral Leiomyoma: A rare tumor that forms on the smooth muscle of the urethra and can present as a mass in the paraurethral area [12].
• Skene's Gland Adenofibroma: A rare tumor that forms on the Skene glands, which are located near the urethral opening and can cause a mass to form in the paraurethral area [5].

Symptoms:

• A lump or mass in the paraurethral area
• Abdominal discomfort
• Pain during sexual intercourse
• Difficulty or loss of control during urination

It's essential to note that these conditions may have similar symptoms, and a definitive diagnosis can only be made through further diagnostic testing and evaluation by a healthcare professional.

References:

[1] S Tamburrini · 2021 · Cited by 3 — The differential diagnosis for a vaginal mass is wide and include infection, malignancy, urethral prolapse, urethral diverticulum, ectopic ureterocele ...

[2] Gartner's Duct Cyst

[3] Urethral Diverticulum

[4] Bartholin's Gland Cyst

[5] Skene's Gland Adenofibroma

[6] Paraurethral Leiomyoma

[7] Vaginal Wall Cyst

[8] Radiography is mainly used for differential diagnosis of various types of paraurethral formations.

[9] Urethral Carcinoma

[10] The presence of a neoplasm near the urethra always poses a challenge for differential diagnosis.

[11] kene’s glands, or paraurethral glands, are bilateral, prostate homologues which are, located at the bot-tom of the distal urethra.

[12] The differential diagnosis of paraurethral leiomyoma (Fig. 2A) includes urethral diverticulum, Skene duct abscess, Bartolini gland cyst, Gartner duct cyst, vaginal wall cyst, and urethral carcinoma.