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immune system disease
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
The immune system plays a crucial role in protecting the body against infections, diseases, and foreign substances. However, when it malfunctions or becomes overactive, it can lead to various immune system diseases.
Types of Immune System Diseases
There are several types of immune system diseases, including:
- Autoimmune diseases: These occur when the immune system mistakenly attacks and damages healthy body tissues. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and Crohn's disease.
- Immunodeficiency diseases: These occur when a part of the immune system is missing or not working properly, making it difficult for the body to fight off infections. Examples include severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and AIDS.
- Allergies: These are overreactions of the immune system to harmless substances like pollen, dust, or certain foods.
Common Symptoms
Immune system diseases can manifest in various ways, depending on the specific condition. Some common symptoms include:
- Always feeling tired
- Unexplained fever
- Skin problems
- Joint pain and swelling
- Digestive issues
Causes and Risk Factors
Autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, and allergies can be caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. These may include:
- Genetic predisposition
- Environmental triggers like stress or exposure to toxins
- Poor diet and lifestyle choices
Treatment and Management
Treatment for immune system diseases depends on the specific condition and its severity. This may involve medications, lifestyle changes, or in some cases, surgery. Early diagnosis and treatment can help manage symptoms, prevent complications, and improve quality of life.
References:
[1] - SCID is an example of an immune deficiency that is present at birth (context 1). [2] - Signs and symptoms of immune system disorders vary depending on the condition (context 2). [3] - The immune system has many different parts, including skin, which can help prevent germs from getting into the body (context 3). [4] - Autoimmune diseases result when your immune system is overactive, causing it to attack and damage your body's own tissues (context 5). [6] - Asthma, familial Mediterranean fever, and Crohn's disease all result from an over-reaction of the immune system (context 6). [7] - Immunodeficiency disease occurs when a part of the immune system is missing or not working properly (context 7). [8] - An autoimmune disorder occurs when the body's immune system attacks and destroys healthy body tissue by mistake (context 8). [9] - Autoimmune diseases are conditions in which your immune system mistakenly damages healthy cells in your body (context 9). [11] - An immune deficiency disease or disorder occurs when the immune system is not working as expected (context 11). [12] - Disorders of immunity include immune deficiency diseases, such as AIDS, that arise because of a diminution of some aspect of the immune response (context 12).
Additional Characteristics
- Autoimmune diseases
- Allergies
- Immunodeficiency diseases
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Immune System Diseases
Immune system diseases can manifest in various ways, affecting different parts of the body. Here are some common signs and symptoms to look out for:
- Fatigue: Feeling extremely tired, like you do when you have the flu, could be a sign that your immune system is compromised [1].
- Unexplained fever: A persistent or recurring fever without any apparent cause can indicate an underlying immune
Diagnostic Tests
Evaluating Immune System Disorders
The diagnosis of immune system diseases involves various laboratory tests to identify abnormalities in the immune response. Here are some common diagnostic tests used to evaluate immune disorders:
- Antibody deficiencies: These tests measure how well the immune system can make antibodies against vaccines, as a marker of how well the antibody arm of defense is functioning [1].
- Cellular (T cell) defects: Laboratory testing to diagnose conditions like Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) relies on the measurement of T-cell function and other cellular components [1].
Autoimmune Diseases
Diagnosing autoimmune diseases, such as lupus or rheumatoid arthritis, involves a combination of laboratory tests that show an inflammatory process. These tests may include:
- Antinuclear antibody (ANA): This test measures the presence of autoantibodies that attack the nucleus (center) of cells [2].
- Autoantibody tests: These tests are performed to help diagnose autoimmune disorders, along with other imaging scans and biopsies [8].
Other Diagnostic Tests
Additional laboratory tests may be used to evaluate immune system function, including:
- Immunoglobulins test: This test measures the levels of certain antibodies in the blood, which can indicate a serious health problem if abnormal [3].
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): A CBC with differential is often included as part of the laboratory examination for autoimmune diseases to evaluate the immune system's response [14].
Key Takeaways
In summary, diagnostic tests for immune system diseases aim to identify abnormalities in the immune response. These tests may include:
- Evaluating antibody and cellular components
- Measuring autoantibodies and inflammatory markers
- Assessing immune system function through various laboratory tests
References: [1] - Context result 1 [2] - Context result 2 [3] - Context result 3 [8] - Context result 8 [14] - Context result 14
Treatment
Understanding Drug Treatments for Immune System Diseases
The treatment of immune system diseases involves various medications that target different components of the immune system. These drugs can either weaken the entire immune system or specifically target certain parts of it, which may increase the risk of infections.
- Immunosuppressants: These are drugs that keep the immune system working as it should. They slow down or stop the attack on healthy cells and tissues by mistake. Immunosuppressant drugs can be used to prevent organ transplant rejection and treat autoimmune disorders like lupus or psoriasis [1][2].
- Immunomodulators: These are drug treatments that work by changing the body's immune response. They treat conditions like cancer and autoimmune diseases, such as arthritis, by reducing chronic inflammation [3][4].
- Cyclosporine: This is an immunosuppressive drug used in the treatment of immune diseases and transplant rejection. It works by disabling parts of the immune system [5].
- Immunotherapies: These are treatments that enhance the ability of the immune system to detect and kill tumor cells. They have benefited patients with various types of cancer [6][7].
Treatment Options for Autoimmune Diseases
Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks healthy cells, tissues, and organs. Treatment options usually involve reducing inflammation. Prescription drugs can help manage symptoms like fever, pain, anxiety, swelling, depression, fatigue, sleep problems, and more [8].
- Biological drugs: These target specific parts of the immune system, such as IL-1, Th1 immune responses, Th17 immune responses, and CD20. They have been approved for the treatment of autoimmune diseases [9].
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors: These are a type of immunotherapy that targets checkpoints in the immune system to prevent it from attacking healthy cells [10].
Long-term Treatment
For autoimmune diseases like MS, treatment may be long-term and continue for over a decade. Types of immunotherapy include immune checkpoint inhibitors, biological drugs targeting IL-1, Th1 immune responses, Th17 immune responses, and CD20 [11][12].
The disease causes the immune system to go rogue in a way that can strike virtually any organ in the body. Treatment options are emerging as a promising elixir for patients enduring them
Recommended Medications
- Immunomodulators
- Immunosuppressants
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors
- Immunotherapies
- Biological drugs
- cyclosporin A
- Cyclosporine
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Understanding Differential Diagnosis in Immune System Diseases
A differential diagnosis is a process used by healthcare providers to rule out other possible causes of symptoms and identify the most likely cause of an illness or condition. In the context of immune system diseases, differential diagnosis involves testing for various conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
Types of Tests Used in Differential Diagnosis
Several types of tests are used to aid in the differential diagnosis of immune system diseases [10][11]. These include:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential: This test measures the number and type of cells in the blood, which can indicate the presence of an infection or inflammation.
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP): This test evaluates various metabolic functions, such as electrolyte levels and liver function, to identify potential causes of symptoms.
- Inflammatory Markers: These tests measure the level of inflammatory markers in the blood, which can indicate the presence of an autoimmune disease or other immune system disorder.
- Autoantibody Testing: This test measures the presence of autoantibodies, which are proteins produced by the immune system that attack healthy tissues.
- Flow Cytometry: This test evaluates the number and type of cells in the blood, which can help diagnose primary immunodeficiency disorders.
Importance of Differential Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis is crucial in identifying the underlying cause of symptoms and developing an effective treatment plan. It helps healthcare providers to:
- Rule out other possible causes of symptoms
- Identify the most likely cause of an illness or condition
- Develop a targeted treatment plan
- Monitor disease activity and adjust treatment as needed
References
[10] Context 10: The results can confirm a diagnosis, estimate disease severity, aid in assessing prognosis and are useful to follow disease activity. Components of the laboratory exam include complete blood count with differential, comprehensive metabolic panel, inflammatory markers, autoantibodies, and flow cytometry.
[11] Context 11: Autoimmune diseases occur when the immune system attacks the normal tissue within joints, vasculature, ... autoantibody testing can be used in the differential diagnosis of a suspected autoimmune ...
Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the context numbers provided.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)
- Autoantibody Testing
- Flow Cytometry
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) with Differential
- Inflammatory Markers
- obsolete Burkholderia cepacia complex infectious disease
- complement factor I deficiency
- legionellosis
- salpingo-oophoritis
Additional Information
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- A disease of anatomical entity that is located_in the immune system.
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It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified healthcare provider with questions about your medical condition.