ovarian cystadenoma

Ovarian Cystadenoma: A Benign Epithelial Tumor

Ovarian cystadenomas are common benign epithelial neoplasms that carry an excellent prognosis [8]. They are typically larger than 1cm in diameter and present with signs and symptoms such as a palpable mass, abdominal pain, or bloating.

Types of Cystadenomas

There are two main types of ovarian cystadenomas:

• Serous Cystadenoma: This type is usually composed of unilocular (or at times multilocular) cysts filled with clear watery fluid [2]. The cysts can measure up to 10 cm in diameter.
• Mucinous Cystadenoma: This type is a common benign neoplasm of the ovaries that can grow much larger than other adnexal masses [4].

Characteristics

Ovarian cystadenomas are typically:

• Benign epithelial tumors
• Originating from the ovarian surface epithelium
• Can be unilocular or multilocular in appearance
• May present with a palpable mass, abdominal pain, or bloating

Management

Cystadenomas can be managed conservatively with a follow-up scan [12]. Surgical treatment may include cystectomy (removing the affected ovary) if necessary.

References:

[1] Epithelial neoplasms of the ovary account for 60% of all ovarian tumors and 40% of benign tumors. [2] Serous cystadenomas are usually composed of unilocular (or at times multilocular) cysts filled with clear watery fluid. [4] Mucinous cystadenomas are a common benign neoplasm of the ovaries that can grow much larger than other adnexal masses. [8] Ovarian serous cystadenoma is a common benign epithelial ovarian tumour in middle-aged women, typically appearing on imaging as a unilocular or multilocular cystic mass with thin walls and septations. [12] Cystadenomas can be managed conservatively with a follow-up scan.

Ovarian cystadenomas are a type of benign tumor that can develop on the ovaries, often containing fluid-filled cysts. While most ovarian cystadenomas do not cause symptoms, some may exhibit signs and symptoms, which can vary in severity.

Common symptoms:

• Pelvic pain or discomfort, which can range from mild to severe [1]
• Abdominal bloating or swelling, which can be caused by the accumulation of fluid in the cysts [2]
• Painful bowel movements or changes in bowel habits [3]
• Pressure or fullness in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst [4]

Less common symptoms:

• Difficulty emptying the bladder or experiencing urinary frequency
• Pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia)
• Mild abdominal ache or cramping

It's essential to note that some ovarian cystadenomas can become large, rupture, or cause twisting in the ovaries, resulting in more severe pain and potentially life-threatening complications [5]. If you experience any of these symptoms, it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly.

In many cases, ovarian cystadenomas do not produce symptoms and are discovered incidentally during a routine pelvic exam or imaging test. However, if you have concerns about your reproductive health or suspect that you may be experiencing symptoms related to an ovarian cystadenoma, consult with a healthcare provider for proper evaluation and guidance.

References: [1] - Most ovarian cysts cause no symptoms and go away on their own. But a large ovarian cyst can cause: Pelvic pain that may come and go. [2] - abdominal bloating or swelling · painful bowel movements · pelvic pain before or during the menstrual cycle ... [3] - Symptoms of an ovarian cyst · pelvic pain – this can range from a dull, heavy sensation to a sudden, severe and sharp pain · pain during sex · difficulty emptying ... [4] - If a cyst does cause symptoms, you may have pressure, bloating, swelling, or pain in the lower abdomen on the side of the cyst. This pain may be ... [5] - Jan 31, 2022 — However, some cysts can become large, rupture, or cause twisting in the ovaries, resulting in pain and possibly bleeding. Some become cancerous ...

Diagnosing Ovarian Cystadenoma

Ovarian cystadenoma, a type of benign epithelial neoplasm, can be diagnosed through various tests and examinations. Here are some of the diagnostic methods used to detect this condition:

• Pelvic Exam: A routine pelvic exam can help discover ovarian cystadenomas. During the exam, your healthcare provider will feel inside your pelvis for any lumps or changes [1].
• Ultrasound: An ultrasound can pinpoint the location, size, and makeup of ovarian cystadenomas. Abdominal ultrasound and vaginal ultrasound can evaluate these tumors [2]. This imaging procedure uses sound waves to create images of your body's internal organs.
• Imaging Tests: The imaging test most commonly used is a pelvic or "transvaginal" ultrasound [3]. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used rather than computed tomography (CT) scanning, but ultrasound is usually sufficient [4].
• Blood Tests: Blood tests, including a CA125 blood test, can help your doctor work out if a cystadenoma is cancerous. Your GP may offer you a CA125 blood test if you have a suspected ovarian tumor [5].

Additional Diagnostic Methods

Other diagnostic methods used to detect ovarian cystadenomas include:

• Laparoscopy: This minimally invasive surgical procedure allows your healthcare provider to visually examine the ovaries and surrounding tissues for any abnormalities.
• CA-125 Blood Test: This blood test measures the level of CA-125, a protein that can be elevated in women with ovarian cancer.

References

[1] Context 10: Epithelial neoplasms of the ovary account for 60% of all ovarian tumors and 40% of benign tumors. They classify as benign, borderline, or malignant tumors.

[2] Context 2: Ultrasound. An ultrasound can pinpoint the location, size, and makeup of ovarian cysts.

[3] Context 3: Jan 30, 2023 — Imaging tests — The imaging test most commonly used is a pelvic or "transvaginal" ultrasound.

[4] Context 4: Mar 9, 2023 — Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should be used rather than computed tomography (CT) scanning, but ultrasound is usually sufficient.

[5] Context 6: Blood tests including a CA125 blood test can help your doctor work out if a cystadenoma is cancerous.

Treatment Options for Ovarian Cystadenoma

Ovarian cystadenoma, a type of benign ovarian tumor, can be treated with various methods, including medication and surgery.

• Hormonal Medications: Birth control pills or other hormonal medications may be prescribed to stop ovulation and prevent future cysts from forming [7].
• Pain Relief: Narcotic analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can be used for pain relief in patients with ovarian cystadenoma [3].
• Surgery: Large or persistent ovarian cystadenomas, or those causing symptoms, usually require surgical removal. Surgery is also recommended if there are multiple cysts or if the cyst is suspected to be cancerous [6].

Medications Used

Some medications that may be used to treat ovarian cystadenoma include:

• Ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate: A combination of hormones that can be used to stop ovulation and prevent future cysts from forming [1].
• Ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetaminophen: Over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers that can be used to manage pain associated with ovarian cystadenoma [5].

Alternative Treatments

Some alternative treatments have been explored for the treatment of ovarian cystadenoma, including:

• US-guided transabdominal aspiration: A minimally invasive procedure where a needle is inserted into the cyst to aspirate fluid and inject methotrexate [8].
• Chemotherapy: In some cases, chemotherapy may be used to treat ovarian cystadenoma, particularly if it has recurred or spread [4].

It's essential to consult with a healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment for individual cases.

Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Cystadenoma

Ovarian cystadenoma, also known as mucinous or serous cystadenoma, is a type of benign tumor that affects the ovaries. The differential diagnosis for this condition involves ruling out other possible causes of similar symptoms and characteristics.

Possible Differential Diagnoses:

• Serous Cystadenocarcinoma: This is a type of malignant ovarian tumor that can be distinguished from cystadenoma by its thick septa with solid components [2].
• Ovarian Endometriosis Cyst: While both conditions involve cystic structures in the ovaries, they have distinct differences. Ovarian endometriosis cysts are typically smaller and more irregularly shaped than cystadenomas [6].
• Mature Cystic Teratoma: This is a type of benign ovarian tumor that can be distinguished from cystadenoma by its presence of multiple tissues such as hair, teeth, or bone [8].
• Endosalpingiosis: This is a rare condition characterized by the growth of glandular tissue in the ovaries, which can mimic the appearance of cystadenoma on imaging studies [8].

Key Features to Consider:

• Size and Shape: Cystadenomas are typically larger and more regular in shape than other ovarian tumors.
• Imaging Studies: Imaging studies such as ultrasound or MRI can help distinguish between different types of ovarian tumors, including cystadenoma.
• Histopathological Examination: A definitive diagnosis of cystadenoma is primarily made through histopathological examination [4].

References:

[1] Mar 9, 2023 — Differential Diagnoses · Abortion, Threatened · Appendicitis, Acute · Diverticular Disease · Endometriosis · Inflammatory Bowel Disease · Meckel ...

[2] Sep 11, 2024 — Differential diagnosis ; ovarian mucinous tumors: usually larger and multilocular ; serous cystadenocarcinoma: thick septa with solid components.

[3] Aug 15, 2024 — Differential Diagnoses · Adnexal Tumors · Anovulation · Appendicitis · Ascites · Borderline Ovarian Cancer · Cervicitis · Colon Cancer · Colonic ...

[4] by F Limaiem · 2023 · Cited by 32 — Despite advances in imaging studies, the establishment of a definitive diagnosis of cystadenomas is primarily by histopathological examination ...

[5] Jun 10, 2023 — Acute non-traumatic abdominal pain in pregnancy. Cases: Ovarian cystadenoma · Ovarian mucinous cystadenofibroma · Ovarian cystadenoma (likely) ...

[6] 22 hours ago — Differential diagnosis of ovarian endometriosis cyst versus ovarian cystadenoma based on serum lactate dehydrogenase combined with CA-125 ...

[7] by E Ross · Cited by 7 — The differential diagnosis for pain in women with ovarian cysts include tubo-ovarian abscess, ruptured ectopic, ruptured hemorrhagic cyst, and ovarian torsion.

[8] Jan 8, 2024 — Outline · Serous or mucinous cystadenoma · Mature cystic teratoma · Endosalpingiosis · Paraovarian/paratubal cysts and tubal and broad ligament ...

[9] by PV Foti · 2016 · Cited by 194 — We propose a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) guided approach to differential diagnosis of ovarian tumours based on morphological appearance ...