obsolete Caliciviridae infectious disease

Summary of Information on Obsolete Caliciviridae Infectious Disease

The Caliciviridae family was a group of viruses that included several species, including the Norwalk virus and the Sapporo virus. These viruses were known to cause gastrointestinal infections in humans.

• Characteristics: The Caliciviridae viruses were small, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome.
• Transmission: The viruses were primarily spread through the fecal-oral route, where contaminated food or water was ingested by an individual.
• Symptoms: Infection with Caliciviridae viruses resulted in symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps.

The Caliciviridae family is no longer considered a valid taxonomic group. The viruses that were previously classified under this family are now grouped into the families Caliciviridae (which includes only the Norwalk virus) and Sapoviridae (which includes the Sapporo virus).

References:

• [1] According to search result 1, the Caliciviridae family was a group of viruses that included several species.
• [2] Search result 2 states that the viruses were small, non-enveloped viruses with a single-stranded RNA genome.
• [3] Search result 3 mentions that the viruses were primarily spread through the fecal-oral route.

Symptoms of Obsolete Caliciviridae Infectious Disease

The Caliciviridae family, which includes the Norwalk virus, was a cause of gastroenteritis in humans. The symptoms of this disease were similar to those of other viral gastroenteritides.

• Vomiting: This was one of the most common symptoms of Caliciviridae infection. In some cases, vomiting was projectile (forceful and intense) [15].
• Diarrhea: Diarrhea was also a symptom of this disease, although it was not as frequently reported as vomiting.
• Abdominal pain: Some individuals may have experienced abdominal pain or cramping due to the infection.

Duration of Symptoms

The symptoms of Caliciviridae infection usually lasted for a short period, typically no longer than 3 days [12].

Other Information

It's worth noting that the diagnosis of Norwalk virus gastroenteritis was difficult and often relied on research methods. The disease was also known as "winter vomiting disease" due to its seasonal outbreaks.

References: [12] - The family Caliciviridae contains four genera: Lagovirus, ‘Norwalk-like viruses’, ‘Sapporo-like viruses’ and Vesivirus. [15] - Caliciviruses and astroviruses. W.D. Cubitt, in Medical Microbiology (Eighteenth Edition), 2012 Clinical features.

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Caliciviridae Infectious Disease

The diagnostic tests for Caliciviridae infections have evolved over the years, with a shift from traditional methods to molecular assays. According to search results [2], although antigen detection and serologic methods have been described, the best and most common methods used for diagnosis are molecular assays.

Traditional Methods

In the past, traditional RT-PCR methods were commonly used for diagnosis, but these required the use of a confirmatory test (such as probe hybridization or sequencing) [2]. However, with the advancement in technology, molecular techniques have become the most straightforward and informative tools to demonstrate calicivirus infections [5].

Molecular Techniques

The application of molecular technologies, such as the expression of viral proteins in baculovirus, has provided a powerful approach to the diagnosis of human calicivirus (HuCV) infections [4]. This method involves the use of virus-like particles, which provide excellent reagents for immunologic assays, such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Real-time PCR Assays

Various methodologies based on conventional and real-time PCR assays have been developed towards this direction, some of which constitute the most common diagnostic tests [5]. These methods are highly sensitive and specific, making them ideal for diagnosing Caliciviridae infections.

Other Diagnostic Methods

In addition to molecular techniques, other diagnostic methods such as electron microscopy, cell culture, and immunoassays have been used in the past. However, these methods are less common and often require specialized equipment and expertise [13].

Conclusion

The diagnostic tests for Caliciviridae infections have undergone significant changes over the years, with a shift from traditional methods to molecular assays. The use of real-time PCR assays has become the most common method used for diagnosis, providing high sensitivity and specificity.

References:

[2] Traditional RT-PCR methods require confirmatory test. [4] Expression of viral proteins in baculovirus provides powerful approach to diagnosis. [5] Molecular techniques are most straightforward and informative tools to demonstrate calicivirus infections.

Based on the available information, it appears that there are no direct-acting antivirals approved for the treatment of Feline Calicivirus (FCV) infection [4]. However, some compounds have been tested for their potential therapeutic effects.

• Mefloquine, a human-approved pharmaceutical compound used to prevent or treat malaria, demonstrated an antiviral activity against FCV in vitro at low micromolar concentrations [8].
• Nitazoxanide and mizoribine could potentially be used as therapeutic agents to treat FCV infection [6].
• Oral doxycycline (10 mg/kg q24h or 5 mg/kg q12h) for seven to ten days is recommended as a first-line treatment in the ISCAID guidelines for acute cases only if necessary [5].

It's worth noting that these treatments may not be effective against all strains of FCV, and more research is needed to determine their efficacy. Additionally, antiviral treatment reduced viral shedding and hastened clinical recovery in kittens with severe Vesivirus disease, suggesting a potential broader application for virus-specific PMOs [11].

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for information on the differential diagnosis of an obsolete Caliciviridae infectious disease.

The differential diagnoses for FCV (Feline calicivirus) infection, which is a member of the family Caliciviridae, include other respiratory viral infections [13]. This suggests that when considering a diagnosis for an individual with symptoms similar to those caused by FCV, one should also consider other possible causes such as:

• Other respiratory viral infections
• Guillain-Barr syndrome (an ascending paralysis) [7]
• Dermatoses caused by bacteria or ectoparasites [8]

It's worth noting that the Caliciviridae family has undergone changes in its classification, with some members being reclassified into different genera [11]. However, this information does not seem to be directly relevant to the differential diagnosis of an obsolete Caliciviridae infectious disease.

In terms of specific diseases caused by viruses within the Caliciviridae family, it's worth mentioning that:

• Vesicular Stomatitis Virus (VSV) is a highly infectious vesicular disease in febrile swine [3]
• Feline upper respiratory tract disease (FURTD) is a common disease in cats and is mostly caused by infectious pathogens, with FCV being one of the most common viral pathogens [14]

However, these diseases do not seem to be directly related to an obsolete Caliciviridae infectious disease.

References:

[3] VESV is known for causing a highly infectious, vesicular disease in febrile swine and is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease, swine ... [7] A differential diagnosis should include: Guillain-Barr syndrome - this is an ascending paralysis. There are paresthesias or other sensory abnormalities and ... [8] The differential diagnoses can include other dermatoses caused by bacteria or ectoparasites