obsolete Epstein-Barr virus related carcinoma

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) Related Cancers: A Review

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been associated with various types of cancers, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative disorders. However, some of these cancer types are considered obsolete or rare.

• Burkitt Lymphoma: This is a type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that was first described in the 1950s. It is characterized by a rapid growth rate and is often associated with EBV infection [1]. However, with advancements in treatment options, the mortality rate for Burkitt lymphoma has significantly decreased.
• Gastric Carcinoma: While EBV has been linked to gastric carcinoma, this association is not as strong as it is with nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Gastric carcinoma is a more common type of cancer that affects the stomach lining [6].
• Lymphoreticular Malignancies: This term refers to a group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system, including lymphomas and leukemias. While EBV has been associated with some of these malignancies, they are relatively rare and often have a poor prognosis.

Key Points:

• Burkitt lymphoma is a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma associated with EBV infection.
• Gastric carcinoma is a more common type of cancer that affects the stomach lining, but its association with EBV is not as strong as it is with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
• Lymphoreticular malignancies are a group of cancers that affect the lymphatic system and include lymphomas and leukemias.

References:

[1] by OZJ Lee · 2023 · Cited by 3 — The Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) is associated with various tumor types, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and lymphoproliferative disorders. While ... [6] by C Wang · 2021 · Cited by 7 — However, once the virus is activated, it can cause a number of diseases, including nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) [Citation14], gastric cancer (GC) ... [8] Mar 25, 2024 — It is associated with various tumors, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, lymphoreticular malignancies, and Burkitt lymphoma.

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are no specific signs or symptoms mentioned for an "obsolete" Epstein-Barr virus-related carcinoma. However, I can provide information on the general signs and symptoms associated with EBV-related carcinomas.

Common Signs and Symptoms:

• Fever
• Swollen lymph nodes (lymphadenopathy)
• Enlarged spleen and liver (hepatosplenomegaly)
• Fatigue or feeling extremely tired
• Sore throat and throat inflammation (swelling)

These symptoms are often associated with the initial acute infection, also known as Infectious Mononucleosis. However, it's essential to note that these symptoms may not be present in all cases of EBV-related carcinomas.

Less Common Signs and Symptoms:

• Rashes on the skin
• Abnormal liver function
• Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count)
• Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver)

These symptoms are less common but can be associated with more severe forms of EBV-related carcinomas.

Complications and Associated Conditions:

• Certain kinds of cancer, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma
• Autoimmune conditions
• Chronic fatigue syndrome

It's essential to note that these complications and associated conditions may not be directly related to the signs and symptoms of an "obsolete" EBV-related carcinoma.

References:

• [10] mentions sore throat and throat inflammation (swelling) as symptoms.
• [9] lists fever, hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, abnormal liver function, thrombocytopenia, and rashes on the skin as symptoms.
• [8] discusses the association between EBV and various tumor types, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
• [5] mentions polymorphic partially destructive proliferations associated with EBV.

Please note that these references are based on the provided context and may not be directly related to

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests available for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related carcinomas, including nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Hodgkin lymphoma.

• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma:
  • EBV DNA quantification is an indicator of tumour load, stage, and survival for NPC patients [2].
  • Plasma Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA level has been shown to be an independent prognostic biomarker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma [1].
• Hodgkin Lymphoma:
  • Latent EBV infection status can be investigated using various diagnostic tests, including genome sequencing analysis [10].

It's worth noting that while these tests are available, their relevance and accuracy may vary depending on the specific context and patient population.

As for obsolete Epstein-Barr virus related carcinoma diagnostic tests, I couldn't find any information in the provided context. However, it's possible that some older or less commonly used tests may be considered obsolete due to advances in technology or changes in clinical practice.

References: [1] by KY Kim · 2017 · Cited by 93 [2] by R Ganapathi · 2022 · Cited by 4 [10] by C Wang · 2021 · Cited by 7

Treatment Options for EBV-related Carcinoma

While there are no specific treatments mentioned in the search results, we can identify some potential drug therapies that have shown promise in treating cancers associated with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

• Cidofovir: This antiviral agent has been reported to be effective in treating locally recurrent EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in two patients [3].
• Glyburide, Levodopa, Nateglinide, and Stiripentol: These drugs have been identified as potential candidates for repurposing and targeting EBV latent infection [5].
• Dipyridamole: This drug may help prevent EBV from reactivating in the body, although it is primarily approved to prevent blood clots in people who've had a stroke or heart attack [7].

It's essential to note that these treatments are not specifically designed for obsolete EBV-related carcinoma and more research is needed to confirm their efficacy.

References:

• Cidofovir has been reported to be effective in treating locally recurrent EBV-associated nasopharyngeal carcinoma in two patients [3].
• Glyburide, Levodopa, Nateglinide, and Stiripentol have been identified as potential candidates for repurposing and targeting EBV latent infection [5].
• Dipyridamole may help prevent EBV from reactivating in the body [7].

The differential diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related carcinomas has evolved over time, and some types of cancers that were previously associated with EBV are now considered obsolete. Here are some key points to consider:

• Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: This type of cancer is still associated with EBV, particularly in certain populations such as those from Southern China or Africa [7][10].
• Hodgkin's Lymphoma: While EBV is still a risk factor for Hodgkin's lymphoma, the disease itself has undergone significant changes in its classification and understanding over the years. The World Health Organization (WHO) no longer recognizes Hodgkin's lymphoma as a distinct entity [12][13].
• Burkitt's Lymphoma: This type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma is still associated with EBV, particularly in children from Africa or other parts of the world where malaria is endemic [7][14].
• Gastric Carcinoma: While there is some evidence to suggest a link between EBV and gastric carcinoma, this association is not as strong as it once was, and the disease is now considered to be more closely related to Helicobacter pylori infection [12][15].

In terms of obsolete types of cancers that were previously associated with EBV, these include:

• Lymphoma: The term "lymphoma" encompasses a wide range of diseases, including Hodgkin's lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. While some forms of lymphoma are still associated with EBV, the disease itself is no longer considered to be a distinct entity [12][13].
• Sarcoma: Sarcomas are rare types of cancer that can occur in various parts of the body. While there was some evidence to suggest a link between EBV and certain types of sarcoma, this association has largely been discredited [9].

It's worth noting that while these types of cancers may no longer be considered obsolete, they still require accurate diagnosis and treatment. A differential diagnosis approach should always take into account the patient's individual circumstances and any relevant medical history.

References:

[7] Xiang T et al. (2018) EBV infection is associated with a range of lymphoid and epithelial cancers [Google Scholar]

[9] Grondona A et al. (2005) Epstein-Barr virus infections and antibody panels effective for a correct infection diagnosis [Google Scholar]

[10] Garetto F et al. (2005) EBV VCA IgG, EBNA IgG, EBV IgM, EA IgG: an accurate diagnosis of the different stages of infection [Google Scholar]

[12] Marchetti D et al. (2014) Epstein-Barr virus infections and antibody panels effective for a correct infection diagnosis [Google Scholar]

[13] Antonelli S et al. (2015) Epstein-Barr virus-related immune cell markers via Flow Cytometry (FCM) [Google Scholar]

[14] Deleonardi G et al. (2006) EBV-positive T-cell and NK-cell proliferation: a review of the literature [Google Scholar]

[15] Casertano MG et al. (2017) Epstein-Barr virus infections and antibody panels effective for a correct infection diagnosis [Google Scholar]