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Rocky Mountain spotted fever
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF) Description
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a serious tickborne illness that can be deadly if not treated early. It is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Key Characteristics:
- Severity: RMSF is considered one of the most severe forms of rickettsiosis in the United States.
- Transmission: The disease is
Additional Characteristics
- RMSF is considered one of the most severe forms of rickettsiosis in the United States.
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a serious tickborne illness that can be deadly if not treated early. It is caused by the bacterium *Rickettsia rickettsii*, which is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected tick.
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, transmitted through the bite of an infected tick. The symptoms of RMSF can vary in severity and may include:
- High Fever: A sudden onset of moderate to high fever, which can last for two or three weeks [5].
- Severe Headache: A severe headache is a common symptom of RMSF, often accompanied by fatigue [5].
- Chills: Chills are another common symptom, indicating the body's attempt to fight off the infection [6].
- Muscle Aches and Joint Pain: Muscle aches and joint pain can occur due to inflammation caused by the infection [6].
- Nausea and Vomiting: Nausea and vomiting can be symptoms of RMSF, especially in the early stages of the illness [2][3].
- Belly Pain: Abdominal pain or stomachache can also occur, which may mimic other conditions such as appendicitis [1].
Other Possible Symptoms
In addition to these common symptoms, some people may experience:
- Rash: A characteristic rash is a hallmark symptom of RMSF, appearing 2-4 days after the onset of fever. The rash typically starts on the wrists and ankles and spreads to other areas of the body [3].
- Confusion: In severe cases, RMSF can cause confusion, which can be a sign of more serious complications [3].
Important Note
It's essential to seek medical attention immediately if you suspect you have been bitten by an infected tick or are experiencing symptoms of RMSF. Early treatment with antibiotics is crucial in preventing long-term damage and reducing the risk of complications.
References: [1] - Context result 1 [2] - Context result 2 [3] - Context result 3 [5] - Context result 5 [6] - Context result 6
Additional Symptoms
- Nausea and Vomiting
- Muscle Aches and Joint Pain
- rash
- severe headache
- high fever
- confusion
- pain
- chills
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a bacterial infection caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, and prompt diagnosis is crucial to prevent complications and death. The following diagnostic tests are used to confirm the presence of RMSF:
- Immunofluorescence Assay: This is considered the gold standard for diagnosing RMSF. It involves testing a sample from the rash (biopsy) or blood for the presence of antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii [3][7].
- Serology: Blood tests can detect antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii, but these may be negative in the first 7-10 days of illness [4]. A positive serology test confirms the diagnosis.
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): This molecular test detects the genetic material of Rickettsia rickettsii and can confirm the presence of the bacteria in a sample [13].
- Immunohistochemistry: This test involves examining tissue samples for the presence of antibodies against Rickettsia rickettsii [13].
Important Considerations
- Diagnostic
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Immunohistochemistry
- Serology
- Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
- Immunofluorescence Assay
Treatment
Treatment Options for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a serious bacterial infection that requires prompt medical attention and treatment. The primary goal of treatment is to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection, which is typically done using antibiotics.
- Doxycycline: This is the only antibiotic recommended for treating RMSF. It is effective in preventing death and severe illness if started early in the course of the disease [3]. Doxycycline is approved for use in adults and children of all ages, making it a crucial treatment option for this condition [7].
- Early Treatment: Early initiation of doxycycline therapy is critical in reducing mortality and preventing complications associated with RMSF [5]. Patients should be treated with doxycycline for at least three days after the fever subsides and there is evidence of clinical improvement [6].
- Alternative Antibiotics: In some cases, chloramphenicol may be used as an alternative to doxycycline in adults with life-threatening RMSF [8].
Key Takeaways
- Doxycycline is the primary antibiotic recommended for treating Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
- Early treatment with doxycycline significantly reduces mortality and prevents most complications associated with RMSF.
- Alternative antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol, may be used in specific cases.
References: [1] Not applicable [2] Not applicable [3] by RMS Fever · Cited by 54 — Early treatment with the antibiotic doxycycline can prevent death and severe illness. It is approved for adults and children of all ages. [4] Not applicable [5] Treatment of RMSF. Starting antibiotics early significantly reduces mortality and prevents most complications of Rocky Mountain spotted fever . [6] Patients with suspected RMSF should be treated with doxycycline for at least three days after the fever subsides and there is evidence of clinical improvement. [7] A specific antibiotic called doxycycline is the first line of treatment for adults and children of all ages and should be started immediately when RMSF is ... [8] Mar 23, 2021 — In adults with Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), the drug of choice is doxycycline for life-threatening RMSF. Chloramphenicol is an alternative. [9] by J Snowden · 2023 · Cited by 4 — Treatment / Management. Doxycycline is the drug of choice for the treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, including in children. Defervescence typically ...
Recommended Medications
- Early Treatment
- Alternative Antibiotics (Chloramphenicol)
- doxycycline
- Doxycycline
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) can be challenging to diagnose due to its similar symptoms with other tick-borne diseases and conditions. Here are some differential diagnoses that should be considered:
- Ehrlichiosis: Also known as "spotless" RMSF, Ehrlichiosis is a tick-borne disease caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia chaffeensis. It can present with similar symptoms to RMSF, including fever, headache, and rash.
- Meningococcemia: This is a bacterial infection caused by Neisseria meningitidis that can cause fever, headache, and rash, similar to RMSF.
- Rubeola (Measles): Measles can present with a characteristic rash, fever, and cough, which can be mistaken for RMSF.
- Dengue: This mosquito-borne disease can cause high fever, headache, and rash, similar to RMSF.
- Enteroviruses: These viruses can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, headache, and rash, that can be similar to RMSF.
It's essential to consider these differential diagnoses when evaluating patients with suspected RMSF, as early diagnosis and treatment are critical for preventing complications and improving outcomes [1][2].
In addition to these conditions, other illnesses that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of RMSF include:
- Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
- Epidemic typhus
- Scrub typhus
A thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are necessary to rule out these conditions and confirm a diagnosis of RMSF [3][4].
References:
[1] Context 8: "Common Mimics and Differential Diagnosis. Ehrlichiosis has often been called “spotless” RMSF but R. rickettsii may also result in a spotless infection."
[2] Context 9: "Differential Diagnosis. Illnesses to be considered and differentiated from RMSF, especially after the rash appears, include rubeola (measles), meningococcemia, ..."
[3] Context 6: "Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) is a potentially lethal, but curable tick-borne disease, which was first described in Idaho in the 19th century."
[4] Context 5: "Early clinical manifestations of RMSF include high fever, severe headache, myalgias, nausea, and vomiting. Later manifestations include rash, ..."
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Enteroviruses
- Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
- epidemic typhus
- ehrlichiosis
- dengue disease
- scrub typhus
- measles
- Meningococcemia
- obsolete Ehrlichia ewingii ehrlichiosis
- human monocytic ehrlichiosis
- Israeli tick typhus
- obsolete Rickettsia honei spotted fever
- exanthema subitum
- purpura fulminans
- typhus
- neuroretinitis
- Siberian tick typhus
- obsolete Borrelia infectious disease
- obsolete rat-bite fever
- Haverhill fever
- boutonneuse fever
- toxic shock syndrome
- babesiosis
Additional Information
- core#notation
- DOID:0050052
- rdf-schema#label
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
- rdf-schema#subClassOf
- t328327
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050052
- oboInOwl#hasAlternativeId
- DOID:1708
- oboInOwl#hasDbXref
- MESH:D012373
- oboInOwl#hasRelatedSynonym
- Tobia fever
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- Tick typhus
- IAO_0000115
- A spotted fever that has_material_basis_in Rickettsia rickettsii, which is transmitted_by ticks (Dermacentor variabilis and Dermacentor andersoni). The infection has_symptom fever, has_symptom headache, has_symptom abdominal pain, and has_symptom maculopapular rash progressing into papular or petechial rash.
- oboInOwl#inSubset
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid#zoonotic_infectious_disease
- RO_0002452
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/SYMP_0000504
- RO_0002451
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/TRANS_0000024
- IDO_0000664
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/NCBITaxon_783
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/S30.860
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_130
- owl#annotatedSource
- t327681
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