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ectothrix infectious disease
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
Ectothrix infectious disease, also known as ectothrix tinea capitis, is a type of fungal infection that affects the hair shaft. It is characterized by the growth of fungi on the outer surface of the hair, resulting in fragmentation of the mycelium into conidia around the hair shaft or just beneath the cuticle of the hair [12].
This type of infection is primarily linked to Microsporum canis and other dermatophytes that infect the hair surface [14]. The symptoms of ectothrix infectious disease may include itching, redness, and inflammation of the scalp, as well as the presence of fungal spores on the hair shaft.
Ectothrix infectious disease is a type of tinea capitis, which is a broader category of fungal infections that affect the scalp [15]. It is essential to note that ectothrix infectious disease is distinct from other types of tinea capitis, such as endothrix and trichophytosis, which have different characteristics and causes.
In terms of diagnosis, ectothrix infectious disease can be identified through a combination of clinical examination, laboratory tests, and microscopic analysis. Treatment options for ectothrix infectious disease typically involve antifungal medications, such as ketoconazole or terbinafine, which can help to clear the infection and prevent its recurrence [not provided in context].
Additional Characteristics
- antifungal medications
- terbinafine
- Microsporum canis
- itching
- redness
- tinea capitis
- Ectothrix infectious disease
- inflammation of the scalp
- fungal spores on the hair shaft
- dermatophytes
- ketoconazole
Signs and Symptoms
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are multiple search results related to signs and symptoms of various diseases, but I'll focus on the ones relevant to ectothrix infectious disease.
Ectothrix invasion is characterized by the development of arthroconidia on the exterior of the hair shaft [12]. This can lead to the destruction of the cuticle of the hair. However, it's essential to note that there are other search results related to different diseases, such as psoriasis and tinea cap
Additional Symptoms
- Destruction of the cuticle of the hair
- Arthroconidia on the exterior of the hair shaft
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnosing Ectothrix Infections
Ectothrix infections, caused by Microsporum species, can be diagnosed through various diagnostic tests. Here are some of the primary methods used to diagnose this type of fungal infection:
- Microscopic Examination: Direct microscopic examination of infected hairs or skin scrapings is a rapid method for determining fungal etiology [9]. This involves examining the hair shaft at the mid-follicle level, where the fungus causes fragmentation and conidia formation around the hair shaft [7].
- KOH Preparation: A potassium hydroxide (KOH) wet mount can be used to examine plucked hairs or hairs and scale for fungal elements. This is a common method for diagnosing ectothrix infections [6].
- Culture: Tinea capitis, which includes ectothrix infections, can be diagnosed through direct microscopy and cultures [8]. Samples are obtained through scraping or using a brush or swab.
- Clinical Appearance: Diagnosis is also based on clinical appearance, where the infected area may show symptoms such as hair loss, redness, and scaling.
These diagnostic tests help healthcare professionals confirm the presence of ectothrix infections and guide treatment decisions.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Microscopic Examination
- Culture
- KOH Preparation
- Clinical Appearance
Treatment
Treatment Options for Ectothrix Infectious Disease
Ectothrix infectious disease, also known as tinea capitis, is a fungal infection that affects the hair and scalp. The treatment options for this condition typically involve antifungal medications.
- Systemic Antifungals: These are oral medications that can penetrate the hair shaft and treat the infection from within. Griseofulvin has been a commonly used medication in the past, but it is no longer available in some countries [10]. Other systemic antifungals such as terbinafine, itraconazole, and fluconazole have also been reported to be effective alternatives [3].
- Duration of Treatment: The duration of treatment typically ranges from 4 to 8 weeks [2], although some studies suggest that a shorter duration of 4-6 weeks may be sufficient [3].
Available Antifungal Agents
The following antifungal agents have shown high efficacy and safety profiles for treating tinea capitis:
- Griseofulvin (Grifulvin V, Gris-PEG)
- Terbinafine (Lamisil)
- Itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox, Sporanox Oral Solution)
References
[1] AM Al Aboud. Tinea capitis: a review of the literature. 2023.
[2] by AM Al Aboud · 2023 · Cited by 28 — Tinea capitis can be treatable with systemic antifungal medications.
[3] Oct 2, 2024 — The duration of treatment should be between 4 and 6 weeks.
[4] by A Alkeswani · 2019 · Cited by 48 — The treatment of tinea capitis requires systemic antifungal therapy because topical antifungal agents cannot penetrate the hair shaft.
[5] Oct 2, 2024 — Antifungals, Systemic: Griseofulvin (Grifulvin V (DSC), Gris-PEG (DSC)) Terbinafine (Lamisil) Itraconazole (Onmel, Sporanox, Sporanox Oral Solution)
[6] by JL PIPKIN · 1960 · Cited by 10 — Clinical experiences established the therapeutic effectiveness of griseofulvin in tinea capitis.
[7] Treatment involves oral antifungals. Tinea capitis is a dermatophytosis that mainly affects children, is contagious, and can be epidemic.
[8] by A Alkeswani · 2019 · Cited by 48 — This paper will discuss the available antifungal agents that have shown high efficacy and safety profiles for this common infection.
[9] Once griseofulvin was used to treat infections caused by M. ... Skin Infections. Carlos N. Prieto-Granada, ... Martin C. MihmJr., in Diagnostic Pathology of ...
[10] Griseofulvin has previously been the most widely used medication to treat tinea capitis, but it is no longer available in some countries, including New Zealand.
Recommended Medications
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Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Ectothrix Infections
Ectothrix infections, also known as scalp ringworm (tinea capitis), are a type of fungal infection that affects the scalp and hair shaft. When diagnosing ectothrix infections, it's essential to consider other conditions that may present with similar symptoms.
Conditions to Consider in Differential Diagnosis:
- Tinea corporis: A fungal infection of the skin, which can also affect the scalp.
- Eczema: An inflammatory condition characterized by dry, itchy skin.
- Psoriasis: A chronic autoimmune condition that causes red, scaly patches on the skin.
- Annular erythema: A rare skin condition characterized by circular, red patches.
- Bacterial folliculitis: An infection of the hair follicles caused by bacteria.
- Dissecting folliculitis (folliculitis decalvans): A rare and severe form of bacterial folliculitis that can lead to scarring and hair loss.
Key Features to Consider in Differential Diagnosis:
- Symptoms: Ectothrix infections typically present with symptoms such as itching, redness, and scaling on the scalp.
- Physical examination: A thorough physical examination is crucial to rule out other conditions that may mimic ectothrix infections.
- Laboratory tests: Laboratory tests, such as skin scrapings or hair samples, may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis of ectothrix infections.
References:
- [1] RJ Hay (2017) - The common causes of tinea capitis are Microsporum species, but Trichophyton verrucosum can cause a form of ectothrix infection—the arthroconidia are larger.
- [6] Oct 2, 2024 - In contrast to endothrix infection, fragmentation of the mycelium into spores occurs just beneath the cuticle in ectothrix infections.
- [7] Tinea capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp, involving both the skin and hair. It is also known as scalp ringworm.
Note: The information provided above is based on the search results and context provided.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Eczema
- Bacterial folliculitis
- Dissecting folliculitis (folliculitis decalvans)
- Annular erythema
- tinea corporis
- psoriasis
Additional Information
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050097
- IAO_0000115
- A tinea capitis that results_in fungal infection located_in cuticle of hair, has_material_basis_in Microsporum canis, has_material_basis_in Microsporum gypseum, has_material_basis_in Trichophyton equinum, and has_material_basis_in Trichophyton verrucosum, which produce arthroconidia on the exterior of the hair shaft.
- oboInOwl#inSubset
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid#DO_infectious_disease_slim
- RO_0004026
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/UBERON_0002076
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/L02.511
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_162
- owl#annotatedSource
- t328240
- core#notation
- DOID:0050097
- rdf-schema#label
- ectothrix infectious disease
- rdf-schema#subClassOf
- t328181
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
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