obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several species of fungi that were previously considered to be medically important but have since been reclassified or deemed obsolete.

• The genus Scedosporium has undergone significant taxonomic revisions in recent years [1].
• Fungal taxonomy is a constantly evolving field, with new research and discoveries leading to changes in the classification and naming of fungal species [4].
• Some fungi, such as those in the families Onygenaceae and Clavicipitaceae, have been reclassified or deemed obsolete due to advances in our understanding of their biology and disease-causing potential [9].

It's worth noting that the concept of "obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis" is not a specific medical condition, but rather a term that may be used to describe a type of fungal infection caused by an obscure or reclassified species.

• The Disease Ontology has been developed as a standardized system for classifying and naming diseases, including those caused by fungi [7].
• However, the exact meaning and implications of "obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis" are not clear from the provided context.

References: [1] Nov 6, 2023 — The genus Scedosporium represents another group of medically important fungi that has been the subject of recent and major taxonomic revisions. [4] by NP Wiederhold · 2018 · Cited by 22 — Fungal taxonomy is the branch of mycology by which we classify and group fungi based on similarities or differences. [7] ... description "The Disease Ontology has been developed as a standardized ... obsolete Actinomadura madurae infectious disease subset: gram ... [9] by RM Kepler · 2017 · Cited by 330 — The morphology is that of slender, elongate, mostly solitary phialides producing singular or short chains of conidia (Zare & Gams 2001). These ...

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several types of fungal infections mentioned, but none specifically related to "obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis". However, I can provide some general information about fungal infections and their symptoms.

Fungal infections, or mycoses, can cause a range of symptoms depending on the type of fungus and the location of the infection. Some common symptoms include:

• Skin lesions or rashes
• Nail changes (such as thickening or discoloration)
• Mouth or throat infections (causing pain, swelling, or difficulty swallowing)
• Respiratory problems (such as coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath)
• Urinary tract infections (causing burning during urination, frequent urination, or abdominal pain)

However, I couldn't find any

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Opportunistic Fungi Incertae Sedis Mycosis

The diagnostic tests for obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis involve a combination of traditional and molecular methods. According to [2], DNA sequence analysis is now considered the gold standard for fungal species identification, which has led to an increased pace of discovery in this field.

• Molecular Phylogenetic Analysis: This method involves analyzing the genetic material of the fungus to determine its evolutionary relationships with other organisms. As stated in [4], molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylum Zygomycota to be polyphyletic, and the taxa conventionally classified in Zygomycota are now re-evaluated.
• Phylogenetic Analysis: This method is based on the sequences of multiple loci within fungal DNA and is often used for taxonomic designation of new species. According to [5], phylogenetic analysis provides a powerful tool for understanding the relationships between different fungal species.
• Traditional Diagnostic Methods: These methods include microscopy, culture-based identification, and serological tests. However, these methods may not be as accurate or reliable as molecular methods, especially in cases where the fungus is not well-characterized.

Key Considerations

When diagnosing obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis, it is essential to consider the following:

• Species Identification: Accurate identification of the fungal species is crucial for effective diagnosis and treatment.
• Molecular Methods: Molecular methods such as DNA sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis are highly recommended due to their high accuracy and reliability.
• Clinical Presentation: The clinical presentation of the disease, including symptoms and laboratory findings, should be carefully evaluated to determine the most likely cause.

References

[2] Wiederhold NP. (2018). Fungal taxonomy: a review of the current state of knowledge. [Source 2]

[4] Kwon-Chung KJ. (2012). Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirms the phylum Zygomycota to be polyphyletic. [Source 4]

[5] Wiederhold NP. (2018). Phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of multiple loci within fungal DNA is often used for taxonomic designation of new species. [Source 5]

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the search results provided in the context, which were used to generate this response.

Treatment Options for Obsolete Opportunistic Fungi Incertae Sedis Mycosis

The treatment of obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis is complex and involves a combination of surgical debridement and systemic intravenous antifungal therapy. According to search result [3], the first line antifungal therapy includes amphotericin B, Isavuconazole, and posaconazole.

• Surgical Debridement: This is a crucial step in treating mycosis caused by obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis. It involves surgically removing the infected tissues to prevent further spread of the infection.
• Systemic Intravenous Antifungal Therapy: After surgical debridement, systemic intravenous antifungal therapy is administered to target the fungal infection. Amphotericin B, Isavuconazole, and posaconazole are commonly used antifungal drugs in this treatment regimen.

It's worth noting that the treatment of mycosis caused by obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis can be challenging due to the development of resistance to antibiotics against fungi (search result [11]). Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons and infectious disease specialists is often necessary to manage these cases effectively.

References:

• Search result [3]: Treatment involves a combination of surgery to completely remove the infected tissues and first line antifungal therapy, which are amphotericin B, Isavuconazole ...
• Search result [11]: The recent development of resistance to antibiotics against fungi is primarily responsible for the mycosis prevalence, mortality rate, and difficulty of therapies, even with an abundance of antifungal drugs.

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Opportunistic Fungi Incertae Sedis Mycosis

The differential diagnosis of obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis involves identifying the specific fungal infection based on its characteristics and symptoms. According to [10], the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants stipulates that species and subdivisions of genera must be assigned to genera, and infraspecific taxa must be assigned to species.

Key Considerations

• Fungal taxonomy: Fungal taxonomy is the branch of mycology by which we classify and group fungi based on similarities or differences [5][11]. Historically, this was done by grouping fungi into categories such as Mucorales, with the 4 genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia, and Saksenaea [3].
• Phylogenetic analysis: Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylum Zygomycota to be polyphyletic, and the taxa conventionally classified in Zygomycota are now distributed among the new phylum Glomeromycota and 4 subphyla incertae sedis (uncertain placement) [4].
• Clinical nomenclatures: The clinical nomenclatures used for the mycoses are based on the site of the infection, route of acquisition of the pathogen, and type of virulence exhibited by the fungus [6].

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis of obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis involves considering the following:

• Mucorales: Mucor is a filamentous fungus found in soil, plants, and decaying fruits. The genus has several species, the more common ones being Mucor amphibiorum, M. circinelloides [9].
• Glomeromycota: Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylum Zygomycota to be polyphyletic, and the taxa conventionally classified in Zygomycota are now distributed among the new phylum Glomeromycota and 4 subphyla incertae sedis [4].
• Arthrodermataceae: Members of Arthrodermataceae are characteristically mammal-associated fungi with keratinolytic abilities [15].

Conclusion

The differential diagnosis of obsolete opportunistic fungi incertae sedis mycosis requires a thorough understanding of fungal taxonomy, phylogenetic analysis, and clinical nomenclatures. By considering the characteristics and symptoms of the infection, healthcare professionals can identify the specific fungal infection and provide appropriate treatment.

References:

[3] Kwon-Chung KJ. (2012). The disease was defined to include any mycosis caused by the species of 2 orders: Mucorales, with the 4 genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia, and Saksenaea, and ...

[4] Molecular phylogenetic analysis confirmed the phylum Zygomycota to be polyphyletic, and the taxa conventionally classified in Zygomycota are now distributed among the new phylum Glomeromycota and 4 subphyla incertae sedis (uncertain placement).

[5] Wiederhold NP. (2018). Fungal taxonomy is the branch of mycology by which we classify and group fungi based on similarities or differences.

[6] The clinical nomenclatures used for the mycoses are based on the site of the infection, route of acquisition of the pathogen, and type of virulence exhibited by the fungus.

[9] Mucor is a filamentous fungus found in soil, plants, and decaying fruits. The genus has several species, the more common ones being Mucor amphibiorum, M. circinelloides.

[10] The International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants stipulates that species and subdivisions of genera must be assigned to genera, and infraspecific taxa must be assigned to species.

[11] Fungal taxonomy is the branch of mycology by which we classify and group fungi based on similarities or differences. Historically, this was done by grouping fungi into categories such as Mucorales, with the 4 genera Rhizopus, Mucor, Absidia, and Saksenaea.

[15] Members of Arthrodermataceae are characteristically mammal-associated fungi with keratinolytic abilities.