obsolete cutaneous sporotrichosis

Obsolete Cutaneous Sporotrichosis: A Rare Form of Fungal Infection

Obsolete cutaneous sporotrichosis, also known as fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis, is a rare form of fungal infection that affects the skin. It is characterized by a localized infection that remains in one region and may develop a granuloma, which can ulcerate [6].

Causes and Risk Factors

This type of sporotrichosis typically follows minor cutaneous trauma, causing localized lymphocutaneous (up to 95% of cases) or fixed-cutaneous (up to 30%) forms [1]. Individuals who are exposed to soil or other environments where the fungus is present are more likely to develop this infection [4].

Symptoms and Clinical Presentation

The most characteristic clinical picture of obsolete cutaneous sporotrichosis is granulomatous conjunctivitis, characterized by vegetating lesions on the palpebral and/or bulbar conjunctiva [9]. However, skin lesions at non-contiguous sites without extracutaneous involvement are also a common presentation [10].

Prevalence and Demographics

While there is limited information available on the prevalence of obsolete cutaneous sporotrichosis, it is considered a rare variant of sporotrichosis. The demographics of individuals affected by this infection are not well-defined.

References:

• [1] BM Garcia (2021) - Sporotrichosis infection typically follows minor cutaneous trauma...
• [4] E Habte-Gabr (2000) - Cutaneous/lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis, a mycotic infection...
• [6] T Mollet (2015) - In fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis, the infection remains localized to one region...
• [9] R Orofino-Costa (2022) - The disseminated cutaneous form is a rare variant of sporot

Based on the search results, it appears that there are various forms of cutaneous sporotrichosis with different manifestations.

Localized Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis

• Typically follows minor cutaneous trauma [4]
• Localized lesion at the site of trauma plus lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis with fungal spreading along the lymphatic vessels [2]

Fixed-Cutaneous Sporotrichosis

• A fixed localized lesion at the site of trauma [2]
• Up to 30% of cases may present with this form [4]

Other Forms

• Cutaneous-disseminated sporotrichosis (CDS) is characterized by multiple skin lesions at non-contiguous sites without extracutaneous involvement [9]
• Lesions of the CDS form can be nodular, crusted, or ulcerated [9]

It's worth noting that the signs and symptoms of cutaneous sporotrichosis may vary depending on the specific form of the disease.

References: [2] OF Gompertz · 2016 · Cited by 40 [4] BM Garcia · 2021 · Cited by 6 [9] K Zhuang · 2022 · Cited by 2

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Cutaneous Sporotrichosis

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Treatment Options for Obsolete Cutaneous Sporotrichosis

Cutaneous sporotrichosis, a fungal infection affecting the skin, has been treated with various medications in the past. While some treatments may still be effective today, others have become obsolete due to advancements in medical science.

• Griseofulvin: This antifungal medication was once used to treat cutaneous sporotrichosis (1). However, its effectiveness and safety profile are no longer considered optimal for this condition.
• Itraconazole: Although primarily used for severe cases of sporotrichosis, itraconazole has been effective in treating cutaneous sporotrichosis in some cases (2-4). However, its use may be limited due to potential side effects and the availability of more modern treatments.

Current Treatment Guidelines

Modern treatment guidelines recommend using antifungal medications such as terbinafine, itraconazole, or fluconazole for oral treatment of adults with cutaneous sporotrichosis (7). These medications have been shown to be effective in treating this condition and are generally considered safer than older treatments.

Important Considerations

When considering treatment options for cutaneous sporotrichosis, it's essential to consult with a healthcare professional. They can assess the individual case and recommend the most appropriate course of treatment based on current medical knowledge and guidelines.

References: (1) [1] (2) [2-4] (7) [7]

Differential Diagnosis of Obsolete Cutaneous Sporotrichosis

Cutaneous sporotrichosis, a fungal infection caused by Sporothrix schenckii, can be challenging to diagnose due to its similarity with other skin conditions. The differential diagnosis for cutaneous sporotrichosis includes:

• Atypical mycobacteria: These bacteria can cause similar skin lesions and are often considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis [2].
• Nocardiosis: This bacterial infection can also present with skin lesions, making it a consideration in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis [3].
• Blastomycosis: A fungal infection caused by Blastomyces dermatitidis, which can cause similar skin lesions to cutaneous sporotrichosis [2].
• Pyogenic bacteria: Certain types of bacterial infections, such as those caused by Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes, can also present with skin lesions and be considered in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous sporotrichosis [9].

It's essential to consider these conditions when diagnosing cutaneous sporotrichosis, as they can have similar presentations. A thorough medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests are necessary to confirm the diagnosis.

References:

[1] Romero-Cabello R (2011) - Differential diagnosis with other pathologies includes leishmaniasis, chromoblastomycosis, tuberculosis verrucose and lymphangitis. [2] Mollet T (2015) - The differential diagnosis for sporotrichosis includes atypical mycobacteria, nocardiosis, blastomycosis, pyogenic bacteria, leishmaniasis, ... [3] Garcia BM (2021) - Initially, a broad differential diagnosis of this nodular dermatitis was considered, including infections (bacterial, fungal, and mycobacterial), inflammatory ... [9] - Differential Diagnosis. The differential diagnosis for sporotrichosis includes atypical mycobacteria, nocardiosis, blastomyco- sis, pyogenic bacteria ...