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obsolete Spirochaetaceae infectious disease
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Obsolete Spirochaetaceae Infectious Disease
The obsolete Spirochaetaceae infectious disease refers to a type of bacterial infection that was once classified under the family Spirochaetaceae [5]. This family of bacteria includes several species, including those that cause relapsing fever and Lyme borreliosis [4].
Characteristics
- The disease is characterized by its spirochete morphology, with bacteria exhibiting a spiral shape [4].
- It was once considered an infectious disease caused by the Spirochaetaceae family of bacteria.
- However, it is now considered obsolete, meaning that it is no longer recognized as a valid medical condition.
Comparison to Other Diseases
- Unlike syphilis, which is also caused by a spirochete bacterium (Treponema pallidum), the obsolete Spirochaetaceae infectious disease is not associated with any specific symptoms or lesions [8].
- It is distinct from other bacterial infections, such as those caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum, which affects chickens and turkeys [1].
Current Status
- The disease is no longer considered a valid medical condition, and its classification has been updated to reflect this change.
- Research on the Spirochaetaceae family of bacteria continues, with a focus on understanding their virulence, antibiotic susceptibility, and genome sequence [6].
References:
[1] Mycoplasma gallisepticum causes chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens as well as infectious sinusitis in turkeys and often co-occurs with a ... (Search Result 1)
[4] Borrelia are spirochete bacteria divided in the relapsing fever, the reptilian Borrelia, monotreme associated Borrelia, and the Lyme borreliosis groups. (Search Result 4)
[5] obsolete Spirochaetaceae infectious disease0; obsolete Spirurida infectious ... obsolete chronic factitious illness with physical symptoms0; obsolete ... (Search Result 5)
[6] by JC Lagier · 2015 · Cited by 665 — A pure bacterial culture remains essential for the study of its virulence, its antibiotic susceptibility, and its genome sequence. (Search Result 6)
Additional Characteristics
- obsolete Spirochaetaceae infectious disease
- spirochete morphology with spiral shape
- Spirochaetaceae family of bacteria is no longer recognized as a valid medical condition
- distinct from other bacterial infections such as Mycoplasma gallisepticum and syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms
The signs and symptoms of an obsolete Spirochaetaceae infectious disease, such as Lyme disease, can vary depending on the stage and severity of the infection.
- Early Stage: The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards [1].
- Respiratory Disease: Clinical signs are respiratory disease and the severity of the disease is worsened when birds have coexisting infections with other respiratory disease agents [2].
- Systemic Symptoms: Other common symptoms include fever, fatigue, headache, stiff neck, and impaired concentration [8].
Rare Manifestations
In some cases, Lyme disease can manifest in more severe ways, including:
- Neurological Symptoms: Approximately half of survivors with neuroinvasive disease have severe permanent neurological symptoms [6].
- Arthritis: Persistent or recurrent arthritis was described after appropriate antibiotic therapy, called antibiotic-refractory arthritis, in about 10% to 30% of cases [4].
Important Considerations
It's essential to note that Lyme disease can be easily confused with other tick-borne diseases due to its common symptom of fever [10]. Additionally, the severity and progression of the disease can vary significantly from person to person.
References: [1] The most common sign of infection is an expanding red rash, known as erythema migrans (EM), which appears at the site of the tick bite about a week afterwards. [2] Clinical signs are respiratory disease and the severity of the disease is worsened when birds have coexisting infections with other respiratory disease agents [4] In about 10% to 30% of cases, persistent or recurrent arthritis was described after appropriate antibiotic therapy, called antibiotic-refractory arthritis [6] Approximately half of survivors with neuroinvasive disease have severe permanent neurological symptoms [8] headache, stiff neck, and impaired concentration; symptoms that are common in many infectious and non-infectious diseases. [10] The most common symptom is fever; thus it can be easily confused with other tick-borne diseases.
Additional Symptoms
- erythema migrans (EM)
- respiratory disease
- impaired concentration
- persistent or recurrent arthritis
- severe permanent neurological symptoms
- fever
- stiff neck
- headache
- fatigue
Diagnostic Tests
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests for various spirochaetal infections. Here are some key points related to diagnostic tests for these diseases:
- Laboratory tests: Diagnosis is based on a combination of symptoms, history of tick exposure, and possibly testing for specific antibodies in the blood (1). Blood tests are often used to detect the presence of certain antibodies, which can indicate infection with spirochaetal diseases such as Lyme disease or ehrlichiosis.
- ELISA techniques: Lyme disease can be diagnosed using ELISA techniques, which involve detecting the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies in the blood (9). These tests are often used to confirm a diagnosis of Lyme disease.
- Nontreponemal tests: Nontreponemal tests such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) slide test and the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test can be used to diagnose syphilis, another spirochaetal infection (6).
It's worth noting that diagnostic tests for these diseases are not always 100% accurate and may produce false negative results. Additionally, treatment with antibiotics for months or even years can lead to a decrease in the accuracy of diagnostic tests (8).
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Blood tests
- ELISA techniques
- Nontreponemal tests
Treatment
Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several antibiotics effective against spirochete infections.
- Cefuroxime is also effective for the treatment of Lyme disease and is an alternative for persons who cannot take doxycycline and who are allergic to penicillin [1].
- Doxycycline, amoxicillin, and cefuroxime are among the antibiotics that can be used to treat infections caused by spirochetes [2].
- Borrelias (a type of spirochete) are susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins, erythromycin, and tetracyclines, which are all used for treatment purposes [3].
It's worth noting that the effectiveness of these antibiotics may vary depending on the specific disease being treated.
In terms of obsolete spirochaetaceae infectious diseases, it seems that intestinal spirochetosis (caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi) has antimicrobial treatment options that are not well defined [11]. However, ceftriaxone pulse dosing treatment has been shown to eradicate B. burgdorferi persisters in vitro using a relatively short duration of four rounds [8].
References:
[1] Shapiro, E. (2014). Cefuroxime for the treatment of Lyme disease.
[2] If an infection develops, a number of antibiotics are effective...
[3] Borrelias are susceptible to penicillins, cephalosporins, erythromycin, and tetracyclines.
[8] A previous study showed that four rounds of ceftriaxone pulse dosing treatment eradicated B. burgdorferi persisters in vitro using a relatively short duration of four rounds.
[11] We aimed to systematically review the literature to explore antimicrobial treatment options for patients with intestinal spirochaetosis (caused by Brachyspira pilosicoli and Brachyspira aalborgi).
Recommended Medications
- Penicillins
- Cephalosporins
- doxycycline
- Doxycycline
- amoxicillin
- Amoxicillin
- cefuroxime
- Cefuroxime
- tetracyclines
- ceftriaxone
- Ceftriaxone
- erythromycin
- Erythromycin
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- item1
- item2
- item3
Additional Information
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- relatedICD
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- core#notation
- DOID:0050374
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- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
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