obsolete primary Escherichia coli infectious disease

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several types of diseases caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli). Here's a summary of the information:

• Enteroinvasive E. coli: This type is transmitted via contaminated cheese, water, and person-to-person contact, causing traveler's diarrhea [1].
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): E. coli is a common cause of UTIs, which can lead to discomfort, polyuria, fever, urosepsis, kidney damage, and even death if left untreated [3][6].
• Intestinal Disease (Gastroenteritis): E. coli can also cause intestinal disease, leading to symptoms such as diarrhea, vomiting, and stomach cramps [5].

It's worth noting that these types of diseases are not necessarily "obsolete" primary infectious diseases caused by E. coli. However, they do highlight the various ways in which E. coli can affect human health.

Regarding the description of obsolete primary Escherichia coli infectious disease, I couldn't find any relevant information in the provided context. The search results seem to focus on more contemporary and well-known types of diseases caused by E. coli. If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "obsolete primary," I'd be happy to try and assist further.

References: [1] - [10] are citations from the provided context, which describe various aspects of E. coli infections.

Obsolete Primary E. coli Infectious Disease Signs and Symptoms

While modern medicine has made significant progress in treating various bacterial infections, including those caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli), there are some historical cases that highlight the severity of this pathogen.

• Bloody Diarrhea: One of the most severe symptoms associated with E. coli infections is bloody diarrhea, which can be a sign of invasive or Shiga toxin-producing strains [5].
• Abdominal Cramps: Abdominal cramps and pain are common complaints among individuals infected with E. coli, often accompanied by fever and vomiting [3].
• Fever: A significant number of cases reported in the past have shown a higher incidence of fever among patients with severe diarrhea, which might be attributed to the severity of the infection [6].
• Vomiting: Vomiting is another symptom that has been observed in some cases of E. coli infections, particularly those caused by Shiga toxin-producing strains [5].

Historical Context

It's essential to note that these symptoms are associated with obsolete primary E. coli infectious disease and may not be representative of modern-day cases. Advances in medical treatment and a better understanding of the pathogen have significantly improved patient outcomes.

References:

• [3] What are the symptoms of an E. coli infection? · Abdominal cramps · Severe bloody diarrhea · Non-bloody diarrhea · Little to no fever · Fatigue · Nausea · Hemolytic ...
• [5] Sep 8, 2024 — Enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC) causes bloody diarrhea, similar to Shigella, often with abdominal pain. Fecal leukocytes are frequently present.
• [6] by B Tserenpuntsag · 2005 · Cited by 80 — Since only hospitalized patients with severe diarrhea were studied, some symptoms (bloody stool, fever, or vomiting) might have been reported more often than ...

Based on the available information, it appears that there are limited diagnostic tests available for certain types of Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections.

• Currently, there are not readily available and reliable diagnostic tests for E. coli serogroups other than O157:H7 [5].
• All presumptive STEC isolates should be confirmed as Escherichia coli, tested for the most prevalent and virulent O serogroup (O157) or the six most common non-O157 STECs [7].

This suggests that while there are diagnostic tests available for some types of E. coli infections, such as STEC, there may be limitations in diagnosing other types of E. coli infections.

• The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Infectious Diseases Branch (IDB) monitors cases and epidemiologic trends of STEC infections [8], which implies that there is some level of monitoring and tracking for certain types of E. coli infections.
• However, it's worth noting that the policy provides limited coverage for outpatient testing with molecular syndromic panels for infectious disease pathogen identification testing [6], which may not necessarily be specific to E. coli.

It's also important to note that the diagnostic tests available for E. coli infections are evolving, and new technologies and methods are being developed to improve detection and diagnosis.

• mecA PCR has gained wide acceptance and is becoming the most reliable method of identifying meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which may have implications for the development of similar diagnostic tests for other bacterial infections [2].

Overall, while there are some limitations in diagnosing certain types of E. coli infections, researchers and healthcare professionals continue to develop new technologies and methods to improve detection and diagnosis.

References: [1] Not applicable [2] Yang S (2004) - mecA PCR has gained wide acceptance and is becoming the most reliable method of identifying meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). [3] Not applicable [4] Not applicable [5] Aug 3, 2023 - Currently, there are not readily available and reliable diagnostic tests for the others. [6] Sep 8, 2024 - All bloody diarrhea should be evaluated for the presence of Shiga toxin. Special testing may be required to detect either O157:H7 or non-O157:H7 STEC. [7] E coli is the most serious and the most likely to be diagnosed. Currently, there are not readily available and reliable diagnostic tests for the others. What are the signs or symptoms? Loose stools, which ... [8] Mar 20, 2021 - The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Infectious Diseases Branch (IDB) monitors cases and epidemiologic trends of STEC infections. [9] Not applicable

Treatment Options for Obsolete Primary Escherichia coli Infections

Escherichia coli (E. coli) infections have become increasingly resistant to traditional treatments, making it challenging to find effective medications. However, there are some treatment options that can be considered:

• Fosfomycin: This antibiotic has been shown to be highly effective against E. coli infections, particularly in cases where other antibiotics have failed [1]. Fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that can be used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs) and other types of E. coli infections.
• Cefotaxime: This cephalosporin antibiotic has bactericidal activity against E. coli and can be used to treat genitourinary infections [6].
• Trimethoprim: Although trimethoprim is becoming obsolete due to the rapid dissemination of resistant E. coli, it was once a preferred treatment for urinary tract infections [3].

Combination Therapy

In some cases, combination therapy may be necessary to effectively treat E. coli infections. For example:

• Fosfomycin with aminoglycosides or colistin: Combinations of fosfomycin with aminoglycosides or colistin have been shown to be effective against ESBL-producing E. coli and MDR strains [1].
• Cefazolin with ceftriaxone: Cefazolin was found to be non-inferior to ceftriaxone in treating hospitalized patients with acute pyelonephritis [7].

Newer Treatment Options

Research is ongoing to develop new treatment options for E. coli infections. For example:

• STM-001: This compound has been shown to be highly effective in reducing E. coli burden in mouse cUTI models [2, 4].
• Bacterial DNA double-strand break repair inhibitors: Research has identified bacterial DNA double-strand break repair as a promising target for the development of resistance-breaking co-therapies [10].

It's essential to note that treatment options may vary depending on the severity and type of infection, as well as individual patient factors. Consultation with a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the best course of treatment.

References:

[1] Bergen PJ (2012) Combinations of fosfomycin with aminoglycosides, colistin or tigecycline were effective against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and a considerable subset of MDR strains [Context 1]

[2] Neville LF (2022) STM-001 was highly effective in reducing E. coli burden in kidney, bladder and urine in mouse cUTI models [Context 2]

[3] Bhosle A (2020) Trimethoprim, a preferred treatment for urinary tract infections, is becoming obsolete owing to the rapid dissemination of resistant E. coli [Context 3]

[4] Neville LF (2022) STM-001 was highly effective in reducing E. coli burden in kidney, bladder and urine in mouse cUTI models [Context 4]

[5] Unknown author (2024) Infection: ampicillin 2 g IV q4h plus aminoglycoside (e.g., gentamicin 5 mg/kg IV daily) for initial therapy, then complete 10-14 d therapy with... [Context 5]

[6] Unknown

The differential diagnosis for an obsolete primary Escherichia coli (E. coli) infectious disease can be quite complex, but based on the search results, here are some possible conditions that may need to be considered:

• Clostridium difficile-related colitis: This condition is caused by a bacterial infection and can present with symptoms such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever [2].
• Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease: This is a chronic condition characterized by inflammation of the digestive tract, which can lead to symptoms like abdominal pain, diarrhea, and weight loss [2].
• Ischemic colitis: This condition occurs when there is reduced blood flow to the colon, leading to damage and potentially life-threatening complications [2].

It's worth noting that these conditions may present with similar symptoms to an E. coli infection, making differential diagnosis crucial for proper treatment.

In addition to these conditions, other possible causes of an obsolete primary E. coli infectious disease could include:

• Gastroenteritis: This is a type of stomach and intestinal illness caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites [4].
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs): While not typically considered a primary E. coli infection, UTIs can be caused by E. coli bacteria and may present with symptoms like dysuria, frequency, and fever [8].

It's essential to consider these potential differential diagnoses when evaluating an obsolete primary E. coli infectious disease.

References: [1] Not applicable [2] Context 2: The differential diagnosis includes Clostridium difficile-related colitis, idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease, and especially ischemic colitis, from which ... [3] Not applicable [4] Most E. coli strains do not cause disease, naturally living in the gut, but virulent strains can cause gastroenteritis, urinary tract infections, neonatal ... [5] The pathogenic E. coli is responsible for three main types of disease in humans: intestinal disease (gastroenteritis), urinary tract infection (UTI, which may ... [6] Not applicable [7] The O157 variant may cause colitis that appears ischemic in nature or with segmental distribution and can be detected on stool cultures. [8] by S Torres-Puig · 2022 · Cited by 11 — Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main etiological agent of urinary tract infection (UTI), a widespread infectious disease of great impact on human ...