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funisitis
ICD-10 Codes
Related ICD-10:
Description
Funisitis: An Overview
Funisitis, also known as inflammation of the umbilical cord, is a condition characterized by an inflammatory process that involves the umbilical cord. This condition is often associated with fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS), which can have significant short- and long-term clinical implications.
Key Features of Funisitis
- Inflammation within the cord substance or Wharton's jelly [4]
- Can be a hallmark of FIRS, indicating an underlying fetal inflammatory response [6]
- May involve diffuse infiltration of neutrophils at different sites in the umbilical cord [7]
Clinical Significance of Funisitis
- Considered a strong risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes [9]
- Associated with short- and long-term clinical significance, including potential complications for the fetus and newborn [1]
References:
[1] CJ Kim (2015) - Acute chorioamnionitis, acute funisitis and chorionic vasculitis are acute inflammatory lesions with important short- and long-term clinical significance. [4] Dec 16, 2021 - Vasculitis: a general term defining inflammation of an umbilical vessel · Funisitis: inflammation within the cord substance / Wharton jelly ... [6] by C Liu (2019) - Funisitis occurs when the inflammatory process involves the umbilical cord. It is accepted that funisitis is a hallmark of FIRS, which is ... [7] by CJ Kim (2015) - Acute inflammatory lesions of the placenta consist of diffuse infiltration of neutrophils at different sites in the organ. These lesions include acute ... [9] by S Hong (2021) - Purpose:Funisitis, inflammation of the umbilical cord, is considered a strong risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes; however, a clinical definition of ...
Additional Characteristics
- Inflammation within the cord substance or Wharton's jelly
- Can be a hallmark of FIRS, indicating an underlying fetal inflammatory response
- May involve diffuse infiltration of neutrophils at different sites in the umbilical cord
- Considered a strong risk factor for adverse neonatal outcomes
- Associated with short- and long-term clinical significance, including potential complications for the fetus and newborn
Signs and Symptoms
Funisitis, a mild inflammation of the umbilical stump, can manifest in various ways. The symptoms may include:
- Minimal drainage from the umbilical stump [5]
- Erythema (redness) in the surrounding tissue [1]
- Presence of peripheral white, creamy or yellowish plaques/lesions on the umbilical cord [5]
In addition to these specific signs related to the umbilical stump, funisitis can also be associated with more general symptoms such as:
- Fever [7]
- Increased bleeding
- Discharge from the umbilical stump
- Changes in the baby's behavior [6]
Furthermore, maternal fever is a significant clinical sign of infection, and other symptoms may include: * Diaphoresis (excessive sweating) * Hypotension (low blood pressure) * Uterine tenderness or pain
It's worth noting that funisitis can be associated with candida infections, which are characterized by the presence of punctate, 1- to 2-mm, yellow-white nodules on the cord [9].
Additional Symptoms
- Hypotension (low blood pressure)
- Minimal drainage from the umbilical stump
- Erythema (redness) in the surrounding tissue
- lesions on the umbilical cord
- Increased bleeding
- Changes in the baby's behavior
- Diaphoresis (excessive sweating)
- Uterine tenderness or pain
- Punctate, 1- to 2-mm, yellow-white nodules on the cord
- fever
- discharge
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Funisitis
Funisitis, also known as umbilical cord inflammation, can be diagnosed through various tests. Here are some of the diagnostic tests used to detect this condition:
- MMP-8 PTD Check: This is a rapid and sensitive bedside test that assesses the risk of funisitis by examining the amniotic fluid (1).
- Gram stain: A Gram stain can be performed on a bullous lesion or an opened pustule to visualize the organism, confirming the diagnosis in both premature and full-term
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Gram stain
- MMP-8 PTD Check
Treatment
Funisitis, also known as placental inflammation or chorioamnionitis, is a condition that affects the placenta and amniotic membranes in pregnant women. The standard treatment for funisitis typically involves intrapartum administration of antibiotics to reduce the rate of neonatal sepsis.
According to recent studies [8], the standard treatment includes administering antibiotics to the mother during labor to prevent the transmission of infection to the baby. This approach has been shown to be effective in reducing the risk of neonatal sepsis and other complications associated with funisitis.
In addition to antibiotic therapy, supportive care is also an essential part of managing funisitis [10]. This may include antipyretics to control fever, antimicrobial agents to treat any underlying infection, and measures to expedite delivery. In some cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor the mother's condition and provide close surveillance for potential complications.
It's worth noting that the specific antibiotic regimen used may vary depending on the individual case and the suspected causative organism [3]. However, in general, a combination of ampicillin and an aminoglycoside (such as gentamicin) is often used to treat funisitis. Clindamycin may also be considered in some cases.
In terms of specific antibiotic combinations, a recent study by JH Lee et al. [7] found that the use of ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, and metronidazole was associated with a more successful eradication of intra-amniotic inflammation/infection in patients with preterm PROM.
References:
[3] May 8, 2018 — The standard drug treatment in the mother with chorioamnionitis includes ampicillin and an aminoglycoside (ie, usually gentamicin), although clindamycin may be ...
[7] by JH Lee · 2016 · Cited by 121 — Conclusion: A new antibiotic combination consisting of ceftriaxone, clarithromycin, and metronidazole prolonged the latency period, reduced acute histologic ...
[8] by E Jung · 2024 · Cited by 13 — The standard treatment is intrapartum administration of antibiotics to reduce the rate of neonatal sepsis. The fetal attack rate by ...
[10] by MJ Czikk · 2011 · Cited by 173 — The mainstay of treatment includes antimicrobial agents, antipyretics, expedition of delivery and supportive care. Further research is required ...
Recommended Medications
- aminoglycoside (such as gentamicin)
- clarithromycin
- Clarithromycin
- ampicillin
- Ampicillin
- clindamycin
- Clindamycin
- metronidazole
- Metronidazole
- ceftriaxone
- Ceftriaxone
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Funisitis
Funisitis, also known as umbilical cord inflammation, can be a challenging condition to diagnose due to its similarity with other conditions affecting the fetus and placenta. Here are some key points to consider in the differential diagnosis of funisitis:
- Acute Chorioamnionitis: This condition is characterized by inflammation of the chorion and amnion, which can lead to funisitis. In fact, funisitis and chorionic vasculitis represent fetal inflammatory responses, while acute chorioamnionitis is evidence of a maternal host response [1][2].
- Chorionic Vasculitis: This condition involves inflammation of the blood vessels in the placenta, which can lead to funisitis. Like funisitis, chorionic vasculitis represents a fetal inflammatory response [3].
- Intraamniotic Infection: This condition is characterized by infection within the amniotic fluid, which can lead to acute chorioamnionitis and funisitis. However, recent evidence suggests that intraamniotic infection may not be the primary cause of funisitis [4][5].
- Necrotizing Funisitis (NF): This is a rare condition characterized by inflammation and necrosis of the umbilical cord. The diagnosis of NF should be considered in the differential when calcification of umbilical vascular walls is discovered in prenatal imaging [6].
Diagnostic Considerations
When considering the differential diagnosis of funisitis, it's essential to consider the following diagnostic criteria:
- Amniocentesis-proven infection: A positive Gram stain or low glucose level in the amniotic fluid can indicate intraamniotic infection and acute chorioamnionitis [7].
- Imaging studies: Prenatal imaging studies, such as ultrasound, can help identify calcification of umbilical vascular walls, which may suggest necrotizing funisitis [6].
In conclusion, the differential diagnosis of funisitis involves considering several conditions that can lead to inflammation and damage to the umbilical cord. A thorough evaluation of clinical presentation, imaging studies, and laboratory results is essential to arrive at an accurate diagnosis.
References:
[1] CJ Kim (2015) - The diagnosis of this condition is one of exclusion and requires examination of the amniotic fluid with both cultivation and molecular microbiologic techniques. [2] CJ Kim (2015) - While acute chorioamnionitis is evidence of a maternal host response, funisitis and chorionic vasculitis represent fetal inflammatory responses. [3] CJ Kim (2015) - Acute chorioamnionitis is evidence of a maternal host response, funisitis and chorionic vasculitis represent fetal inflammatory responses. [4] CJ Kim (2015) - While acute chorioamnionitis is evidence of a maternal host response, funisitis and chorionic vasculitis represent fetal inflammatory responses. Intraamniotic ... [5] CJ Kim (Cited by 993) - Intraamniotic infection generally has been considered to be the cause of acute cho- rioamnionitis and funisitis; however, recent evidence indicates that “... [6] W Wang (2021) - The diagnosis of NF should be considered in the differential when calcification of umbilical vascular walls is discovered in prenatal ... [7] May 8, 2018 - Diagnostic Considerations · Amniocentesis-proven infection through a positive Gram stain · Low glucose level or positive amniotic fluid culture.
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Acute Chorioamnionitis
- Chorionic Vasculitis
- Intraamniotic Infection
- Necrotizing Funisitis (NF)
Additional Information
- core#notation
- DOID:0050698
- rdf-schema#label
- funisitis
- rdf-schema#subClassOf
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_65
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_735
- owl#annotatedSource
- t332119
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#created_by
- lschriml
- oboInOwl#creation_date
- 2012-01-03T01:18:35Z
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:0050698
- IAO_0000115
- A connective tissue disease that is an inflammation of the connective tissue of the umbilical cord.
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/P56.0
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
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