psoriasis 6

Psoriasis Description

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Psoriasis Signs and Symptoms

Psoriasis typically causes flaky patches of skin, which form silvery-white or grey scales. Some people find their psoriasis causes itching or soreness.

• Flaky patches of skin with silvery-white or grey scales
• Itching or soreness in some cases

This is a common presentation of psoriasis, as described by various medical sources [6][9]. The symptoms can vary depending on the type and severity of the condition.

Diagnostic Tests for Psoriasis

Psoriasis can be diagnosed through various tests, including physical examination and skin biopsy. A dermatologist will examine your skin, nails, and scalp to look for signs of the condition, such as scaly patches, redness, and thickening of the skin.

• Physical Exam: A thorough physical exam is usually the first step in diagnosing psoriasis. The doctor will examine your skin, scalp, and nails for any signs of the condition.
• Skin Biopsy: In some cases, a skin biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. This involves removing a small sample of skin tissue from the affected area and examining it under a microscope.

According to [6], a physical exam and skin biopsy can test for and diagnose psoriasis. Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder that speeds up the growth of skin cells and causes raised, thick patches on the body.

Additionally, other diagnostic tests may be used to rule out other conditions or to assess the severity of psoriasis. These include:

• Complete Blood Cell (CBC) Count: This test measures the levels of different types of blood cells in your body.
• Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)/Creatinine: This test measures the levels of waste products in your blood.
• Liver Function Tests (LFTs): These tests measure the levels of enzymes and other substances in your blood to assess liver function.

It's essential to note that a diagnosis of psoriasis can only be made by a healthcare professional, such as a dermatologist.

Systemic Psoriasis Drugs

Systemic psoriasis drugs have been around for more than 10 years and are taken by mouth in liquid or pill form or given by injection [6]. Newer oral systemic treatments selectively target molecules inside immune cells. By adjusting the complicated processes of inflammation within the cell, these medications can help reduce symptoms and improve quality of life for individuals with moderate to severe psoriasis.

These drugs work by targeting specific proteins involved in the inflammatory process, which is a key factor in the development and progression of psoriasis [6]. By blocking or modulating these proteins, systemic psoriasis drugs can help reduce inflammation, slow down skin cell growth, and improve symptoms such as redness, itching, and scaling.

Examples of systemic psoriasis drugs include:

• Apremilast (Otezla)
• Etanercept (Enbrel)
• Infliximab (Remicade)
• Adalimumab (Humira)
• Ustekinumab (Stelara)

It's essential to note that systemic psoriasis drugs can have potential side effects and interact with other medications, so it's crucial to discuss the benefits and risks with a healthcare provider before starting treatment [6].

Differential Diagnoses of Psoriasis

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, can be challenging to diagnose due to its various clinical manifestations and similarities with other skin conditions. The differential diagnoses of psoriasis include:

• Pityriasis rosea: A common skin condition characterized by an initial "herald patch" followed by a widespread eruption of oval-shaped, scaly patches.
• Maculopapular drug eruptions: A type of skin reaction to certain medications, presenting as flat, red patches or papules.
• Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP): A rare skin condition characterized by small, yellowish bumps on the skin, often accompanied by scaling and erythema.

These conditions can be difficult to distinguish from psoriasis, especially in their early stages. However, a thorough clinical examination, medical history, and laboratory tests can help differentiate them.

• Bowen Disease: A type of skin cancer that can mimic psoriasis, particularly in its early stages.
• Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE): An autoimmune disease that affects the skin, causing chronic inflammation and scarring.
• Drug Eruptions: Skin reactions to certain medications, which can present as a variety of symptoms, including rashes, blisters, or scaling.
• Erythema Annulare Centrifugum (EAC): A rare skin condition characterized by circular, erythematous patches that can be itchy and scaly.
• Lichen planus: An autoimmune disease that affects the skin, mucous membranes, and other areas, causing inflammation and scarring.

It's essential to note that a proper diagnosis of psoriasis requires a comprehensive evaluation by a healthcare professional, taking into account the patient's medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests.