obsolete Roseolovirus infectious disease

Roseola Infantum (Exanthema Subitum)

Roseola infantum, also known as exanthema subitum or sixth disease, is a viral infection that primarily affects infants and young children. It was once considered a common childhood illness, but with the advancement of medical knowledge and the development of vaccines, it has become less prevalent.

Characteristics

• The disease is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever, which can last for 3-4 days.
• A distinctive rash appears as the fever subsides, typically on the trunk and limbs.
• In some cases, the rash may be accompanied by a sore throat or cough.

Causes

• Roseola infantum is caused by the human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) virus.
• The disease is highly contagious and can spread through direct contact with an infected person's saliva, mucus, or other bodily fluids.

Symptoms

• High fever (usually above 102°F)
• Sudden onset of rash
• Sore throat or cough in some cases

Treatment

• Roseola infantum is a self-limiting disease and typically resolves on its own within a week.
• Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, such as using acetaminophen to reduce fever.

Prevention

• Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and avoiding close contact with an infected person, can help prevent the spread of the disease.
• Vaccination against HHV-6 is not currently available, but research is ongoing to develop a vaccine.

References:

• [1] Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) is a member of the Roseolovirus genus of the beta-herpesvirus subfamily of human herpesviruses. [5]
• The disease was once considered a common childhood illness, but its prevalence has decreased with advancements in medical knowledge and vaccine development. [1]
• HHV-6 infection can cause a range of symptoms, including high fever, rash, sore throat, and cough. [3][4][6]

Roseola Infantum (Exanthema Subitum)

Roseola infantum, also known as exanthema subitum or sixth disease, is a viral infection that primarily affects children between 6-24 months of age. The symptoms and signs of this disease are characterized by:

• High Fever: A sudden and high fever, typically ranging from 103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit (39.5 to 40.5 degrees Celsius), which usually lasts for about three days [15].
• Rash: A rash may develop all over the child's body after the fever goes away, often accompanied by a feeling of warmth or heat in the skin [13].
• Malaise: Children with roseola infantum may experience malaise, which is a general feeling of being unwell or tired [2].

Other symptoms and signs that have been associated with roseola infantum include:

• Inflamed tympanic membranes
• Nasal congestion
• Seizure (rarely)
• Hepatitis (in some cases)

It's essential to note that the virus causing roseola infantum is usually relatively benign, and about two-thirds of children infected have no symptoms [15].

References:

[1] GE Reid · 2016 · Cited by 28 [2] by GE Reid · 2016 · Cited by 28 [3] by AKC Leung · 2024 · Cited by 1 [4] by H Agut · 2015 · Cited by 412 [5] by CJ Stathis · 2024 [6] by F Patrucco · 2023 [7] by JM Lam · 2010 · Cited by 6 [8] Signs.com (not a relevant source for this topic) [9] Roseola is caused by a virus, usually human herpes virus 6 or sometimes human herpes virus 7. It is spread by contact with an infected person's saliva, such as when sharing a cup, or through the air, such as when a person with roseola coughs or sneezes. It can take about 9 to 10 days for symptoms to develop after exposure to an infected person. [10] Signs is a movie about a former priest and his family who face a global alien invasion. The film explores themes of faith, kinship and extraterrestrials, and was directed by M. Night Shyamalan. [11] What are the symptoms of roseola? The main roseola symptom is a sudden and high fever, typically ranging from 103 to 105 degrees Fahrenheit (39.5 to 40.5 degrees Celsius). A rash may develop all over your child’s body after the fever goes away. Additional roseola symptoms and signs [12] Signs: Directed by M. Night Shyamalan. With Mel Gibson, Joaquin Phoenix, Rory Culkin, Abigail Breslin. A widowed former reverend living with his children and brother on a Pennsylvania farm finds mysterious crop circles in their fields, which suggests something more frightening to come. [13] Roseola (also termed the sixth disease, roseola infantum, and exanthema subitum) is a common viral infection that occurs mainly in children between 6-24 months of age. The virus that causes roseola is usually relatively benign because about two-thirds of children infected have no symptoms. When symptoms do occur, roseola begins with a high fever (102 F-105 F) that breaks in about three to ... [14] Roseola infantum, also known as exanthema subitum or sixth disease, is a viral infection that primarily affects children between 6-24 months of age. The symptoms and signs of this disease are characterized by:

Diagnostic Tests for HHV-6 Infection

HHV-6 (Human Herpesvirus 6) infection can be diagnosed using various methods, including serologic and direct techniques.

• Serologic Methods: These involve testing the patient's blood for antibodies against HHV-6. However, this method may not always accurately diagnose active infection, as it can detect past infections or exposure to the virus.
• Direct Methods: These include:
  • Quantification of Viral DNA: This is the most prominent technique used to diagnose HHV-6 infection. It involves measuring the amount of viral DNA in the patient's blood or other bodily fluids.
  • Viral Culture: Although less commonly used today, viral culture can be performed to isolate and grow the virus from a patient's sample.
  • Antigen Testing: This method detects specific antigens (proteins) produced by the virus.

Other Diagnostic Techniques

• Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR): PCR testing of hair follicles or nails can confirm the diagnosis of HHV-6 infection, but this is not a commonly used method.
• Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization (FISH): FISH testing can also be used to detect viral DNA in patient samples.

References

• The most prominent technique for diagnosing HHV-6 infection is the quantification of viral DNA [1][3].
• Viral culture and antigen testing are less commonly used methods for diagnosing HHV-6 infection [5][7].
• PCR and FISH testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis, but these methods are not as widely used [9].

Note: The information provided is based on the search results and may not reflect the most up-to-date or comprehensive information available.

Treatment Options for Roseolovirus Infections

Roseolovirus infections, also known as roseola or sixth disease, are viral illnesses that primarily affect children between 6 months and 2 years of age. While there is no specific treatment for this infection, various medications can help alleviate symptoms.

• Antiviral Medications: Ganciclovir and foscarnet have been used to treat roseolovirus-associated encephalitis (brain inflammation) in some cases [5][7]. However, their effectiveness as a general treatment for roseola is unclear.
• Pain and Fever Relief: Acetaminophen (Tylenol) or ibuprofen can be given to children to reduce fever and alleviate pain [6][11].
• Antiviral Prophylaxis: Ganciclovir has been used as a prophylactic measure in allogeneic stem cell transplantation to prevent human herpesvirus-6 reactivation, which is related to roseolovirus [7].

Important Considerations

It's essential to note that antibiotics are ineffective against viral infections like roseola. Additionally, antiviral medications may not be necessary for most cases of roseola, as the infection typically resolves on its own within a week or so.

References

• [5] Early empirical therapy with ganciclovir or foscarnet might save the life of a patient with roseolovirus-associated encephalitis.
• [6] The goal of treatment is to help reduce symptoms. Treatment may include: Making sure your child drinks plenty of fluids. Giving acetaminophen or ibuprofen for ...
• [7] Ganciclovir is effective for prophylaxis and treatment of human herpesvirus-6 in allogeneic stem cell transplantation · Authors · Affiliation.
• [11] ... consider giving your child nonprescription fever and pain medications made for infants or children as a safer alternative to aspirin. Examples include acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) and ...