acid anhydride respiratory allergy

Acid Anhydride Respiratory Allergy: A Serious Health Concern

Acid anhydride respiratory allergy, also known as acid anhydride-induced asthma or hypersensitivity pneumonitis, is a type of respiratory allergy triggered by exposure to acid anhydrides. This condition can cause severe and potentially life-threatening symptoms.

Causes and Symptoms

• Exposure to acid anhydrides through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion can trigger this allergy.
• Common symptoms include:
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing
  • Coughing
  • Chest tightness
  • Respiratory distress
• In severe cases, acid anhydride respiratory allergy can lead to asthma attacks, which can be life-threatening.

Health Risks

• Prolonged exposure to acid anhydrides can cause chronic respiratory problems.
• This condition can also lead to other health issues, such as:
  • Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
  • IgE antibody production
  • Respiratory tract irritation and sensitization

Prevention and Treatment

• Avoiding exposure to acid an

Respiratory Allergy to Acid Anhydrides: Signs and Symptoms

Individuals exposed to acid anhydrides may experience a range of respiratory symptoms, including:

• Mucosal and skin irritation: Exposure to acid anhydrides can cause irritation to the mucous membranes in the nose, throat, and mouth (2).
• Sensitisation of the respiratory tract: Prolonged exposure to acid anhydrides can lead to sensitization of the respiratory tract, making individuals more susceptible to allergic reactions (2, 4).
• Late respiratory systemic symptoms: Exposure to acid anhydrides can cause flu-like symptoms, including cough, dyspnea, fever, chills, and myalgia, 4–12 hours after exposure (3).
• Asthma and rhinitis: Workers sensitized to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) may develop IgE-mediated asthma/rhinitis, in addition to late respiratory symptoms (6).

In severe cases, high concentrations of acid anhydrides can cause:

• Severe lung damage: Breathing high concentrations of acetic anhydride can lead to severe lung damage, resulting in coughing and/or shortness of breath (1).
• Chest pain and laboured breathing: Exposure to acid anhydrides can also cause burning sensation in the throat and chest, shortness of breath, and chest pain (10).

It is essential to note that symptoms may be delayed, making it crucial for individuals exposed to acid anhydrides to seek medical attention promptly.

References:

(1) Breathing Acetic Anhydride can irritate the nose, throat and mouth. High concentrations can cause severe lung damage with coughing and/or shortness of breath. (2) Adverse health effects of occupational exposure to acid anhydrides are mucosal and skin irritation, and sensitisation of the respiratory tract (3, 10). (3) OAAs can also produce flu-like symptoms (cough, dyspnea, fever, chills and myalgia) 4–12 h after exposure and this reaction called the late respiratory systemic ... (4) Adverse health effects of occupational exposure to acid anhydrides are mucosal and skin irritation, and sensitisation of the respiratory tract (3, 10). HHPA, ... (6) by IL BERNSTEIN · 1984 · Cited by 15 — Workers sensitized to trimellitic anhydride (TMA) may also develop IgE-mediated asthma/rhinitis, but in addition they may exhibit late respiratory symptoms (... (10) Sore throat. Cough. Burning sensation in the throat and chest

Diagnosing Acid Anhydride Respiratory Allergy

Acid

Treatment Options for Acid Anhydride Respiratory Allergy

Acid anhydrides are a group of chemicals that can cause severe respiratory allergies, leading to conditions such as hypersensitivity pneumonitis and asthma. While there is no cure for these conditions, various drug treatments can help manage symptoms and prevent further complications.

• Cyclosporin A: Studies have shown that treatment with cyclosporin A during sensitization with trimellitic anhydride can attenuate airway responses to allergen challenge three weeks later [4]. This suggests that early intervention with this medication may be beneficial in preventing the development of respiratory allergies.
• Steroids: The use of steroids is controversial for treating chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema caused by acid anhydrides. However, they may be used to prevent or treat these conditions in some cases [6].
• Antibiotics: Antibiotics should be used as indicated to control infection, which can exacerbate respiratory symptoms.
• Other treatments: In addition to these medications, other treatments such as immunotherapy and bronchodilators may also be used to manage symptoms of acid anhydride-induced respiratory allergy.

It's essential to note that the effectiveness of these treatments can vary depending on individual circumstances, and further research is needed to fully understand their benefits and limitations. If you suspect exposure to acid anhydrides or are experiencing symptoms of respiratory allergy, consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References: [4] H Arakawa · 1994 · Cited by 8 — Treatment with cyclosporin A during sensitization with trimellitic anhydride attenuates the airway responses to allergen challenge three weeks later [6] Use of steroids to prevent or treat chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema is controversial. [3] by KM Venables · 1989 · Cited by 220 — The acid anhydrides are a group of reactive chemicals used widely in alkyd and epoxy resins.

The differential diagnosis of acid anhydride respiratory allergy involves identifying and ruling out other potential causes of symptoms, such as occupational asthma, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and alveolitis.

According to a study by M Raulf in 2018 [7], the differential diagnosis of work-related asthma should be made on an objective basis using an algorithm of clinical, physiologic, and immunological testing. This includes evaluating symptoms, lung function tests, and specific IgE antibody levels.

In particular, acid anhydride respiratory allergy can be diagnosed through the measurement of specific IgE (sIgE) [4]. The diagnostic measurement of sIgE is often a major step in identifying the precise cause(s) of respiratory allergy. However, only a limited number of allergens have been identified as relevant for this purpose.

Other class II alleles, such as HLA-DQ5 and HLA-DR1, have been demonstrated to be overexpressed in patients with occupational asthma to acid anhydrides [6]. This may also play a role in the differential diagnosis of acid anhydride respiratory allergy.

It's worth noting that delayed allergic skin reactions (ACD) to phthalic anhydride are similarly rare, and all of the patients had concomitant respiratory symptoms [5].

In conclusion, the differential diagnosis of acid anhydride respiratory allergy involves a comprehensive evaluation of clinical, physiologic, and immunological testing, including specific IgE antibody levels and lung function tests.

References: [4] by X Baur · 2019 · Cited by 24 — [5] by DA Basketter · 2016 · Cited by 16 — [6] Other class II alleles (HLA-DQ5 and. HLA-DR1) have been demonstrated to be overexpressed in patients with occupational asthma to acid anhydrides. [48 ,49 ]. [7] by M Raulf · 2018 · Cited by 36 —