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asthma

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Asthma: A Chronic Lung Condition

Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties [6]. It affects people of all ages and often starts in childhood, but can also develop later in life [6]. The condition is characterized by chronic inflammation and asthma exacerbations, where an environmental trigger initiates inflammation, which leads to symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and trouble breathing [8].

Symptoms of Asthma

The symptoms of asthma can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

  • Wheezing or a high-pitched sound when breathing out
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Chest tightness or feeling of constriction
  • Trouble breathing or feeling winded even when sitting still
  • Shortness of breath or feeling like you can't catch your breath

Causes and Triggers

Asthma is often triggered by environmental factors such as:

  • Allergens like dust, pollen, or pet dander
  • Respiratory viruses
  • Air pollution
  • Cold air
  • Exercise or physical activity

Managing Asthma

While there is no cure for asthma, it can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes. This includes:

  • Using inhalers to control symptoms
  • Avoiding triggers and allergens
  • Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider
  • Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity
  • Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle

References

[1] - Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow and swell and may produce extra mucus. This can make breathing difficult and trigger ... [2] - Bronchial asthma (or asthma) is a lung disease. Your airways get narrow and swollen and are blocked by excess mucus. Medications can treat these symptoms. [3] - An asthma attack may include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble breathing. The attack happens in your body's airways, which are ... [4] - Asthma is a lung disease that makes it harder to move air in and out of your lungs. Asthma is chronic, so you live with it every day. [5] - Asthma is a chronic (long-term) lung disease. It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, ... [6] - Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties. It affects people of all ages and often starts in childhood, ... [7] - It is a long-term disease that causes your airways to become swollen and inflamed, making it hard to breathe. There is no cure for asthma, but it can be managed ... [8] - Asthma is characterized by chronic inflammation and asthma exacerbations, where an environmental trigger initiates inflammation, which ... [9] - Oct 22, 2024 — Asthma is a chronic disease of the airways that makes breathing difficult. Asthma causes inflammation or swelling, and a narrowing of the ... [10] - Result: noun | respiratory disorder characterized by wheezing; usually of allergic origin

Additional Characteristics

  • Air pollution
  • Exercise or physical activity
  • Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties.
  • The symptoms of asthma can vary from person to person, but common signs include:
  • Wheezing or a high-pitched sound when breathing out
  • Coughing, especially at night or early in the morning
  • Chest tightness or feeling of constriction
  • Trouble breathing or feeling winded even when sitting still
  • Shortness of breath or feeling like you can't catch your breath
  • Asthma is often triggered by environmental factors such as:
  • Allergens like dust, pollen, or pet dander
  • Respiratory viruses
  • Cold air
  • While there is no cure for asthma, it can be managed with proper treatment and lifestyle changes.
  • Using inhalers to control symptoms
  • Avoiding triggers and allergens
  • Getting regular check-ups with a healthcare provider
  • Engaging in regular exercise and physical activity
  • Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary in severity from person to person. Here are some common signs and symptoms of asthma:

  • Coughing: A persistent cough, especially at night or during exercise, is one of the most common symptoms of asthma [3][5].
  • Wheezing: Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs when air passes through narrowed airways. It can be heard when breathing out and may worsen with physical activity [1][4].
  • Shortness of breath: Feeling short of breath or having difficulty breathing in and out is another common symptom of asthma [2][6].
  • Chest tightness: A feeling of tightness or constriction in the chest can also occur, especially during an asthma attack [7].
  • Labored breathing: In severe cases, asthma attacks can lead to labored or difficult breathing, which may be accompanied by a rapid heartbeat and drowsiness [8][10].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to these common symptoms, some people with asthma may experience:

  • Bluish lips or fingers: In severe cases, the skin around the mouth and fingers may turn blue due to lack of oxygen [7].
  • Chest pain: Chest pain or pressure can occur during an asthma attack [8].

Important Notes

It's essential to note that these symptoms can vary in severity and frequency from person to person. If you experience any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult with a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment.

References:

[1] April 19, 2024 - Talk with your doctor about your symptoms and steps to manage them. [2] February 3, 2021 - The most common signs of asthma are: Coughing, especially at night, during exercise or when laughing ... [3] October 23, 2024 - Find out what the most common asthma ... or have a cold. Frequent cough. This may be more common at night. [4] August 14, 2022 - Asthma symptoms vary. Learn the common and not so common signs of asthma from the experts at WebMD. [5] January 24, 2024 - It affects your airways, the tubes that carry air in and out of your lungs. When you have asthma, your airways can become inflamed and narrowed. [6] September 7, 2024 - This makes it hard to breathe in — and even harder to breathe out. ... Asthma attacks can be mild, moderate or severe. [7] June 4, 2024 - Find out what can trigger asthma and how to relieve your symptoms and breathe easier. [8] May 3, 2024 - Asthma is characterized by complex pathophysiology involving airway inflammation, intermittent airflow obstruction, and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. The condition presents various signs and symptoms, such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. [9] January 22, 2024 — An asthma attack may include coughing, chest tightness, wheezing, and trouble breathing. [10] October 5, 2023 — Symptoms. Symptoms of asthma attacks may include: Shortness of breath. Chest tightness or pain. Coughing. Wheezing. Severe ...

Additional Symptoms

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnosing Asthma: A Comprehensive Approach

Asthma diagnosis can be a complex process, especially in children and young adults. To confirm an asthma diagnosis, healthcare providers use a combination of medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.

Medical History and Physical Examination

Your doctor will start by asking about your medical history, including any previous respiratory problems or allergies. A thorough physical examination will also be conducted to assess your overall health and identify any potential signs of asthma.

Diagnostic Tests for Asthma

Several diagnostic tests can help confirm an asthma diagnosis:

  • Lung Function Tests: These tests measure lung function and are often used to diagnose asthma. They include spirometry, peak flow, and trigger tests.
  • Methacholine Challenge: This test involves inhaling methacholine, a known asthma trigger, to assess airway responsiveness.
  • Imaging Tests: X-rays or other imaging tests may be ordered to rule out other conditions that can cause similar symptoms.
  • FeNO Test: This test measures the level of nitric oxide in your breath and can help diagnose asthma.

Additional Diagnostic Tools

Other diagnostic tools, such as allergy testing, may also be used to identify underlying causes of breathing problems. In some cases, a combination of these tests may be necessary to confirm an asthma diagnosis.

Objective Tests for Asthma Diagnosis

Diagnostic breathing tests, like spirometry and FeNO, are common ways for doctors to confirm an asthma diagnosis in older children and adults. Allergy testing may also be helpful.

Documentation of Airway Obstruction and Variability

To help diagnose asthma, your doctor will take your medical history, do a physical examination, listen to your lungs, and order some lung function tests. The objective diagnostic testing consists of two components: (1) demonstration of airway obstruction, and (2) documentation of variability in degree of obstruction.

References

  • [1] Asthma diagnosis can be challenging, especially in children.
  • [3] To diagnose asthma, your doctor will ask about your medical history and do a physical exam.
  • [7] Part of diagnosing asthma includes breathing tests or lung function tests (also called pulmonary function tests).
  • [8] The main tests used to help diagnose asthma are: FeNO test – you breathe into a machine that measures the level of nitric oxide in your breath ...
  • [11] Diagnostic breathing tests, like spirometry and FeNO, are common ways for doctors to confirm an asthma diagnosis in older children and adults.
  • [13] To help diagnose asthma, your doctor will take your medical history, do a physical examination, listen to your lungs and order some lung function tests.

Treatment

Overview of Asthma Drug Treatment

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that requires long-term management through medication and lifestyle changes. The primary goal of drug treatment for asthma is to control symptoms, prevent exacerbations, and improve quality of life.

Types of Asthma Medications

There are two main categories of medications used to treat asthma:

  • Quick-relief medications: These medications provide immediate relief from acute asthma symptoms by opening airways quickly. Examples include:
    • Short-acting beta-agonists (SABAs): Albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA) [11][13]
    • Levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA)
  • Long-term control medications: These medications are used to prevent asthma symptoms and exacerbations by reducing inflammation in the airways. Examples include:
    • Inhaled corticosteroids: Beclomethasone, budesonide, ciclesonide, fluticasone, mometasone [1][2]
    • Long-acting beta-agonists (LABAs): Tiotropium (Spiriva) [3]

Additional Medications for Severe Asthma

For people with severe asthma, additional medications may be prescribed to help control symptoms:

  • Biologic therapies: These are injectable or infused medications that target specific proteins involved in inflammation. Examples include:
    • Reslizumab
    • Mepolizumab
    • Omalizumab
    • Benralizumab [7][8]
    • Dupilumab
    • Tezepelumab-ekko

Combination Therapy

In some cases, combination therapy may be recommended to achieve better control of asthma symptoms. This can involve taking multiple medications together or using an inhaler that combines two different medications.

References:

[1] Inhaled corticosteroids are effective long-term asthma control medications. [2] Apr 6, 2024 — Inhaled corticosteroids include fluticasone propionate (Flovent HFA, Flovent Diskus, Xhance), budesonide (Pulmicort Flexhaler ... [3] November 5, 2022 - You might use tiotropium (Spiriva) along with inhaled corticosteroids for severe asthma. [7] Mar 2, 2024 — Biologic therapies include reslizumab, mepolizumab, omalizumab, benralizumab, dupilumab, and tezepelumab-ekko. [11] Short-acting Beta-agonists include albuterol (ProAir HFA, Proventil HFA, Ventolin HFA), levalbuterol (Xopenex HFA), metaproterenol, and terbutaline.

Recommended Medications

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential Diagnosis of Asthma

Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by recurring episodes of wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath. However, these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions, making differential diagnosis essential for accurate diagnosis.

Conditions to Consider:

  • Pneumonia: A bacterial or viral infection that inflames the air sacs in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as fever, chills, and coughing.
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): A condition where stomach acid flows back up into the esophagus, causing heartburn, regurgitation, and difficulty swallowing.
  • Chronic Sinusitis: An inflammation of the sinuses that can cause symptoms such as nasal congestion, facial pain, and coughing.
  • Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): A condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling in the legs.
  • Vocal Cord Dysfunction: A condition where the vocal cords do not function properly, causing symptoms such as hoarseness, coughing, and difficulty speaking.

Diagnostic Considerations:

To confirm a diagnosis of asthma, clinicians must consider these differential diagnoses and rule out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms. This can be achieved through a combination of:

  • Medical history: A thorough review of the patient's medical history to identify any underlying conditions or risk factors.
  • Physical examination: A physical examination to assess lung function, heart rate, and blood pressure.
  • Diagnostic tests: Various diagnostic tests such as spirometry, peak flow meters, and chest X-rays may be used to rule out other conditions.

References:

  1. Ullmann et al. (2018) [3][7] - Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma is based on three key additional elements.
  2. Tilles et al. (2006) [8] - This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of adult asthma, including a discussion of reasonable clinical approaches to determining the correct diagnosis.
  3. Tilles et al. (1996) [10] - DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSISOF ADULT ASTHMA includes Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).
  4. Johnson et al. (no date) [1] - Differential Diagnosis for Asthma · Pneumonia · Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease · Chronic Sinusitis · Congestive Heart Failure · Vocal Cord Dysfunction.
  5. Ullmann et al. (2018) [7] - Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma is based on three key additional elements.
  6. Tilles et al. (2006) [8] - This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of adult asthma, including a discussion of reasonable clinical approaches to determining the correct diagnosis.
  7. Johnson et al. (no date) [1] - Differential Diagnosis for Asthma · Pneumonia · Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease · Chronic Sinusitis · Congestive Heart Failure · Vocal Cord Dysfunction.
  8. Ullmann et al. (2018) [3][7] - Confirmation of the diagnosis of asthma is based on three key additional elements.
  9. Tilles et al. (2006) [8] - This article focuses on the differential diagnosis of adult asthma, including a discussion of reasonable clinical approaches to determining the correct diagnosis.
  10. Johnson et al. (no date) [1] - Differential Diagnosis for Asthma · Pneumonia · Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease · Chronic Sinusitis · Congestive Heart Failure · Vocal Cord Dysfunction.

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the search results provided in the context.

Additional Information

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