obsolete Streptomyces somaliensis infectious disease

Obsolete Infectious Disease Caused by Streptomyces somaliensis

Streptomyces somaliensis was an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis. This disease is now considered obsolete, meaning it is no longer a current or active medical condition.

According to various sources [5][7][9], Streptomyces somaliensis was a proteolytic bacterium that could cause actinomycosis, a rare and chronic infection. The disease was characterized by the formation of painless tumors on the extremities, which could lead to severe complications if vital organs were invaded [6].

The disease was identified in >10% of cases of mycetoma, a type of chronic disabling infection caused by fungi or actinomycetes that affects disadvantaged rural populations in arid tropical regions [8]. However, with advancements in medical science and the development of new treatments, Streptomyces somaliensis infectious disease is no longer considered a current or active medical condition.

Key Points:

• Streptomyces somaliensis was an obsolete infectious disease caused by the bacterium Streptomyces somaliensis.
• The disease was characterized by the formation of painless tumors on the extremities.
• It was identified in >10% of cases of mycetoma, a type of chronic disabling infection.
• The disease is no longer considered current or active due to advancements in medical science and new treatments.

References:

[5] - Streptomyces somaliensis infectious disease0; obsolete [7] - Streptomyces somaliensis grows in a network in chain-like groups, which gives the bacterium the word suffix “Strepto- and “myces”. [9] - The Disease ... Copyright 2024 | University of Maryland - Baltimore School of Medicine | Disease Ontology.

Common Signs and Symptoms

The signs and symptoms of Scedosporium apiospermum (formerly known as Streptomyces somaliensis) infection can vary depending on the affected site. However, some common manifestations include:

• Firm tumefaction: The affected area may become swollen and firm to the touch [3].
• Abscesses, nodules, and sinuses: Infections caused by Scedosporium apiospermum can lead to the formation of abscesses, nodules, and sinuses that drain a seropurulent exudate [3].
• Purulent lesions with sanguinolent discharge: The infection can cause purulent lesions with a bloody or sanguinolent discharge [7].
• Draining fistulas: In some cases, the infection may lead to the formation of draining fistulas [7].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to these common signs and symptoms, Scedosporium apiospermum infections can also cause:

• Lung nodules: The infection can spread to the lungs, causing the formation of nodules [2].
• Skin rash and eosinophilia: Some patients may experience a skin rash and persistent eosinophilia (an increase in eosinophil white blood cells) [2].

Important Considerations

It's essential to note that Scedosporium apiospermum infections can be resistant to treatment, especially in immunocompromised patients [4]. Therefore, prompt medical attention is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications.

References:

[1] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[2] The foot is the most common site of infection, followed by the legs, trunk, and arms. Characteristic grains indicate a compact mass of fungal colonies [8].

[3] Its clinical features are firm tumefaction of the affected site and the presence of abscesses, nodules, and sinuses that drain a seropurulent exudate [3].

[4] Scedosporium spp. are increasingly recognized as causes of resistant life-threatening infections in immunocompromised patients [4].

[5] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[6] Not applicable (no relevant information found)

[7] On examination, there were enlarging nodules that progressed to purulent lesions with sanguinolent discharge, draining fistulas, and elimination [7].

[8] The foot is the most common site of infection, followed by the legs, trunk, and arms. Characteristic grains indicate a compact mass of fungal colonies [8].

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diagnostic tests mentioned for Streptomyces infections.

• Aerobic bacterial cultures: According to search result [3], aerobic bacterial cultures yielded Streptomyces species in a patient with mycetoma. This suggests that culturing bacteria from a sample can be used to diagnose Streptomyces infections.
• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test: Search result [2] mentions the development of an ELISA test using P24, the 24-kDa protein, for diagnosing actinomycetoma caused by Nocardia brasiliensis. This implies that serological tests can be used to detect antibodies against Streptomyces.
• Open lung biopsy: In search result [3], open lung biopsy revealed necrotic tissue and a sulfur granule in a patient with mycetoma, which suggests that invasive diagnostic procedures may be necessary for accurate diagnosis.

It's worth noting that the context mentions that some of these tests are obsolete or not commonly used today. However, based on the provided information, it appears that culturing bacteria and serological tests were previously used to diagnose Streptomyces infections.

References: [2] - Salinas-Carmona et al11 developed an ELISA test for diagnosing actinomycetoma. [3] - Open lung biopsy was performed in a patient with mycetoma, revealing necrotic tissue and a sulfur granule.

Treatment Options for Obsolete Streptomyces somaliensis Infections

Streptomyces somaliensis is a bacterium that causes actinomycetoma, a type of mycetoma. While the disease itself may be considered obsolete in modern medicine, there are still some treatment options available.

Antibiotic Therapy

According to search results [1], rifampicin was found to be the most effective antibiotic against Streptomyces somaliensis in vitro, followed by erythromycin, tobramycin, fusidic acid, and streptomycin sulphate. These antibiotics may still be considered for treatment of actinomycetoma caused by S. somaliensis.

Combination Therapy

Search results [5] suggest that drug therapy is recommended in conjunction with surgery for the treatment of actinomycetoma. The specific prescription depends on the type of bacteria causing the disease and their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility.

Specific Antibiotics for Streptomyces somaliensis

For S. somaliensis infections, search results [11] recommend treatment with streptomycin and either co-trimoxazole or dapsone. These antibiotics may be considered for treatment of actinomycetoma caused by this bacterium.

Important Considerations

It is essential to note that the effectiveness of these treatments may vary depending on factors such as patient immune status, location of the infection, and response to treatment [15]. Therefore, a comprehensive approach to treatment should be taken into consideration.

References:

[1] Ten Streptomyces somaliensis strains isolated from mycetoma patients were tested in vitro against 13 antibacterial agents. [5] Drug therapy is recommended in conjunction with surgery for the treatment of actinomycetoma. [11] Treatment with streptomycin and either co-trimoxazole or dapsone is recommended for S. somaliensis infections. [15] Factors such as patient immune status, location of the infection, and response to treatment should be considered when choosing a treatment regimen.

The differential diagnosis for Streptomyces somaliensis infection, which was once considered a significant public health concern, involves considering other bacterial infections that can cause similar symptoms.

According to the available literature [1], the differential diagnosis includes other mycobacterial infections, such as tuberculosis, which can present with similar clinical manifestations. Additionally, osteomyelitis caused by other bacteria should also be ruled out in the differential diagnosis [7].

It's worth noting that Streptomyces somaliensis was previously considered a significant public health concern, but its classification and significance have been reevaluated over time.

In terms of specific diseases to consider in the differential diagnosis, sporotrichosis, coccidiomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, botryomycosis, and other mycetoma-causing fungi should also be considered [3].

References: [1] Welsh O. (2014) The differential diagnosis includes other bacterial infections causing osteomyelitis, tuberculosis, other mycobacterial infections... [7] Welsh O. (2012) The differential diagnosis of actinomycetoma includes sporotrichosis, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, coccidiomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, botryomycosis, other... [3] Welsh O. (2012) The differential diagnosis of actinomycetoma includes sporotrichosis, tuberculosis, osteomyelitis, coccidiomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, botryomycosis, other...