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disease by infectious agent
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Infectious Diseases Caused by Various Agents
Infectious diseases are caused by various agents, including:
- Viruses: These are responsible for a wide range of diseases, such as the common cold, measles, chicken pox, genital herpes, and influenza [8]. Viruses can also cause more severe illnesses like HIV/AIDS.
- Bacteria: Bacterial infections can lead to diseases like tuberculosis, pneumonia, and food poisoning. Some bacteria can even cause life-threatening conditions like sepsis.
- Fungi: Fungal infections are known as mycoses and can affect various parts of the body, including the skin, lungs, and brain. Examples include athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis.
- Protozoa: These single-celled organisms can cause diseases like malaria, toxoplasmosis, and giardiasis.
- Parasites: Parasitic infections can lead to conditions like hookworm disease, tapeworm infestations, and schistosomiasis.
These infectious agents can be found in various environments, including water, soil, and other living organisms. When they enter the human body, they can cause a range of symptoms and diseases [3].
References:
- [1] Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by harmful agents (pathogens) that get into your body.
- [2] Many organisms live in and on our bodies.
- [3] The agents that cause disease fall into five groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths (worms).
- [4] Infectious Diseases. Diseases caused by the introduction of infectious agents such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi into the body.
- [7] Infectious diseases are caused by microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or parasites and can spread between individuals.
- [9] Infectious disease, in medicine, a process caused by an agent, often a type of microorganism, that impairs a person's health.
Additional Characteristics
- Bacteria
- Fungi
- Viruses
- Protozoa
- Parasites
Signs and Symptoms
Infectious Agents and Their Associated Signs and Symptoms
Infections caused by various microorganisms can manifest differently, depending on the type of pathogen involved. Here's a summary of common signs and symptoms associated with infections caused by different types of infectious agents:
- Viruses: Fever, fatigue, cough, and rashes are common symptoms of viral infections (e.g., [1], [5]). The flu, measles, HIV, strep throat, COVID-19, and salmonella are examples of viral diseases ([2]).
- Bacteria: Symptoms similar to those caused by viruses, such as fever, cough, and rashes, can also be associated with bacterial infections (e.g., [5]). Examples of bacterial diseases include strep throat and COVID-19.
- Fungi: Infections caused by fungi, like histoplasmosis, can lead to symptoms such as coughing and flu-like symptoms in their acute phase ([7]).
- Protozoa: These microorganisms can cause a range of symptoms, including fever and fatigue (e.g., [4]). Protozoan infections are often grouped together with worm infections.
- Helminths (Worms): Infections caused by worms, like protozoa, can lead to symptoms such as fever and fatigue ([4]).
Common Symptoms Across Infectious Agents
While the specific signs and symptoms of disease vary depending on the infectious agent, some commonalities exist:
- Fever and fatigue are often present in infections caused by various microorganisms (e.g., [1], [3], [7]).
- Coughing and flu-like symptoms can be associated with bacterial and fungal infections ([5], [7]).
References
[1] Signs and symptoms vary depending on the organism causing the infection, but often include fever and fatigue. Mild infections may respond to rest and home ...
[2] The flu, measles, HIV, strep throat, COVID-19 and salmonella are all examples of infectious diseases.
[3] Mpox (Formerly Monkeypox) A disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus that causes rash and flu-like symptoms.
[4] by CA Janeway Jr · 2001 · Cited by 35 — The agents that cause disease fall into five groups: viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and helminths (worms). Protozoa and worms are usually grouped together ...
[5] Viruses and bacteria can cause similar symptoms, like fever, cough and rashes. The only way to know what kind of infection you have is to have a healthcare ...
[7] In its acute phase, the disease causes coughing and flu-like symptoms. Sometimes histoplasmosis affects multiple organ systems and can be fatal unless ...
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Infectious Diseases
Infectious diseases can be diagnosed using various tests that detect the presence of pathogens, such as bacteria, viruses, or parasites, in a patient's body. These tests are crucial for identifying the causative agent of an infection and guiding treatment decisions.
Types of Diagnostic Tests
Several types of diagnostic tests are used to diagnose infectious diseases:
- Immunologic tests: These tests detect the presence of antibodies or antigens in a patient's blood, urine, or saliva. Examples include rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs).
- Molecular tests: These tests use techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify and detect specific DNA sequences of pathogens.
- Antigen tests: These tests detect the presence of antigens, which are substances that trigger an immune response. Antigen tests can be used for rapid diagnosis of respiratory virus infections.
Common Diagnostic Tests
Some common diagnostic tests used for infectious diseases include:
- Blood tests: Blood is a common specimen used for infectious disease testing. It can be tested for various pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites.
- Urine tests: Urine is another common specimen used for infectious disease testing. It can be tested for pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
- Saliva tests: Saliva can also be used for infectious disease testing, particularly for respiratory virus infections.
Importance of Accurate Diagnosis
Accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases is crucial for guiding treatment decisions and preventing the spread of infection. Diagnostic tests play a critical role in identifying the causative agent of an infection and informing public health measures to control outbreaks.
References:
- [2] The most common specimens used for infectious disease tests are blood, urine, and saliva.
- [3] RDTs are designed for detecting pathogen-specific antigens or nucleic acid sequences, as well as host antibody responses against certain pathogens.
- [5] PCR (polymerase chain reaction) tests are a reliable and accurate way to diagnose certain infectious diseases, some types of cancer, and certain genetic conditions.
- [8] Antigen tests (“self-tests” or “rapid tests”) usually return results quickly for respiratory virus infections.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Immunologic tests
- Molecular tests
- Antigen tests
Treatment
Treatment of Diseases Caused by Infectious Agents
Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. The treatment of these diseases typically involves the use of antimicrobial medications.
- Antibacterial medications: These are used to treat bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, and urinary tract infections [3].
- Antiviral medications: These target specific parts of the virus to stop it from multiplying in the body, helping to prevent the spread of viral diseases like HIV/AIDS, influenza, and herpes [7].
- Antifungal medications: Topical antifungals can be used to treat skin or nail infections caused by fungi, while systemic antifungals are used to treat more severe fungal infections [1].
- Antiparasitic medications: These are used to treat parasitic infections, such as malaria, toxoplasmosis, and lymphatic filariasis [4].
In addition to these specific types of antimicrobial medications, there are also broader categories of treatments that can be effective against infectious diseases. For example:
- Antimicrobials: This term refers to a broad category of medications that include antibiotics, antivirals, antifungals, and antiparasitics [8].
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART): This is a treatment regimen used to manage HIV/AIDS by suppressing the virus in the body [5].
It's worth noting that the choice of treatment depends on various factors, including the type of infectious agent, the severity of the disease, and the individual's overall health status.
Recommended Medications
- Antifungal medications
- Antiviral medications
- Antibacterial medications
- Antiparasitic medications
- Antimicrobials
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Disease by Infectious Agent
The differential diagnosis of diseases caused by infectious agents can be a complex and challenging process, as many pathogens can cause a wide range of clinical syndromes in humans. According to search result [3], infectious diseases to be considered for differential diagnosis among displaced people include common causes such as respiratory tract infections, gastrointestinal infections, and skin infections.
Common Infectious Agents
Some of the most common infectious agents that can cause disease in humans include:
- Bacteria: such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Escherichia coli [1]
- Viruses: such as Influenza virus, Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) [11]
- Fungi: such as Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus [7]
Differential Diagnoses
The differential diagnosis of diseases caused by infectious agents can be broad, including:
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
- Adenovirus
- Arenaviruses
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Dengue
- Echov
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- Escherichia coli
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Adenovirus
- Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- Arenaviruses
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Echoviruses
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
- Influenza virus
- dengue disease
- respiratory syncytial virus infectious disease
Additional Information
- relatedICD
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- IAO_0000115
- A disease that is the consequence of the presence of pathogenic microbial agents, including pathogenic viruses, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, protozoa, multicellular parasites, and aberrant proteins known as prions.
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