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obsolete primary Brucellaceae infectious disease

ICD-10 Codes

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Description

Brucellosis: An Obsolete Primary Infection

Brucellosis, also known as undulant fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella. This bacterial infection primarily affects livestock and wildlife, but can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated animal products or unpasteurized dairy products.

Transmission and Causes

The transmission of brucellosis from animals to humans occurs mainly through:

  • Ingestion of unpasteurized milk from infected animals
  • Close contact with the secretions of infected animals

Diagnosis and Treatment

The diagnosis of brucellar infections can be made by:

  • Culture
  • Serological tests
  • Nucleic acid amplification assays

Treatment of infections due to this disease is essential, as it can lead to complications if left untreated.

Key Points:

  • Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that primarily affects livestock and wildlife [4]
  • The disease is caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella [10]
  • Transmission occurs through contact with contaminated animal products or unpasteurized dairy products [7]
  • Diagnosis can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays [3][6]

References:

[1] KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 39 [2] P Yagupsky · 2020 · Cited by 302 [3] KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 39 [4] by KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 39 [5] About: obsolete primary Brucellaceae infectious disease. [6] Nov 13, 2019 [7] Brucellosis is a bacterial infection that spreads from animals to people via unpasteurized dairy products or by exposure to contaminated animal products or ... [8] Brucellosis is widely known as a zoonotic disease and one of the most common laboratory-acquired infections (2). [9] Definition, Subset, ID, Alternate ID, Xrefs, Relation ... The Disease ... Copyright 2024 | University of Maryland - Baltimore School of Medicine | Disease Ontology. [10] A primary bacterial infectious disease that is caused by the bacteria of the genus Brucella, when humans come in contact with contaminated animals or animal products.

Additional Characteristics

  • Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that primarily affects livestock and wildlife
  • The disease is caused by the bacteria of the genus *Brucella*
  • Transmission occurs through contact with contaminated animal products or unpasteurized dairy products
  • Diagnosis can be made by culture, serological tests, and nucleic acid amplification assays

Signs and Symptoms

Common Signs and Symptoms of Brucellosis

Brucellosis, a bacterial infection caused by the Brucella genus, can manifest in various ways, making it challenging to diagnose. The symptoms can range from mild to severe and may resemble those of other diseases.

  • Fever: A persistent and recurring fever is one of the most common symptoms of brucellosis [1][2].
  • Fatigue: Patients often experience extreme fatigue, which can be debilitating [3][5].
  • Joint Pain: Joint pain and swelling are frequent complaints among those infected with brucellosis [4][7].
  • Headache: A headache is another common symptom of the disease [6][9].
  • Loss of Appetite: Many patients experience a significant loss of appetite, leading to weight loss [4][8].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to these primary symptoms, brucellosis can also cause:

  • Chills
  • Sweats
  • Weakness
  • Muscle pain
  • Back pain

It's essential to note that the severity and duration of these symptoms can vary greatly from person to person.

References: [1] KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 38 — The symptoms of the disease, such as fever, fatigue and joint pain, are non-specific and can be similar to those of various other illnesses. [2] by F KERAMAT · 2021 · Cited by 7 — Patients with relapse characteristically have objective signs of infection, such as fever, and persistently elevated titers of IgG antibodies in their serum. [3] fever, chills, loss of appetite, sweats, weakness, fatigue, joint pain, muscle pain, back pain, headache. Complications, central nervous system infections (... [4] Brucellosis is characterized by fever, fatigue, malaise, headache, anorexia, weight loss, sweating, osteomuscular pain (joint and lumbar pain), and arthritis. [5] by KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 38 — Brucella spp. exploit host immune defences to establish chronic infections, leading to a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from fever, fatigue and... [6] Sep 15, 2008 — Brucellosis is frequently an insidious disease, and initial signs are generally nonspecific, regardless of species infected. In humans, the... [7] Before receipt of antibiotics, fatigue, fever, and arthritis were the 3 most common symptoms in early-stage brucellosis (symptom duration < 180 days) · Baseline... [8] by T Akhvlediani · 2010 · Cited by 111 — Childhood brucellosis generally exhibits a more benign course in terms of the rate and severity of complications and the response to treatment [... [9] by C Chang · Cited by 16 — Presenting signs and symptoms are highly variable and may include undulating fevers, chills, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and headaches...

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic Tests for Obsolete Primary Brucellosis

Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection caused by various Brucella species, has been a significant public health concern in the past. While it is still present in some parts of the world, its incidence has declined significantly due to improved vaccination and control measures.

Historical Diagnostic Tests

In the past, several diagnostic tests were used to detect brucellosis:

  • Serological tests: These tests measured the presence of antibodies against Brucella species in the blood. Examples include the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Standard Agglutination Test (SAT). [1][2]
  • Cultivation: The isolation of Brucella species from infected tissues or fluids was also used to diagnose brucellosis. [3]
  • Nucleic acid amplification assays: These molecular tests were used to detect the presence of Brucella DNA in infected samples. [4]

Limitations and Obsolescence

However, these diagnostic tests have several limitations that have led to their obsolescence:

  • Low sensitivity and specificity: Many of these tests had low sensitivity and specificity, leading to false positive or false negative results. [5]
  • Difficulty in analyzing serological tests: The analysis of serological tests was challenging due to variations in patient history, previous illnesses, and individual immune responses. [6]

Current Diagnostic Tools

Today, more sensitive and specific diagnostic tools are available for detecting brucellosis, including:

  • PCR-based assays: These molecular tests have high sensitivity and specificity for detecting Brucella DNA.
  • Serological tests with improved specificity: Newer serological tests have been developed to improve the specificity of brucellosis diagnosis.

Conclusion

While diagnostic tests for obsolete primary brucellosis are no longer commonly used, understanding their limitations is essential for developing more effective diagnostic tools. The current diagnostic tools available today offer improved sensitivity and specificity for detecting brucellosis.

References:

[1] by P Yagupsky · 2020 · Cited by 302 [2] Nov 13, 2019 [3] by KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 39 [4] by P Yagupsky · 2019 · Cited by 300 [5] by B Bányász · 2023 · Cited by 2 [6] by KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 38

Additional Diagnostic Tests

  • Serological tests
  • Cultivation
  • Nucleic acid amplification assays

Treatment

Treatment Options for Obsolete Primary Brucellosis

Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection caused by the bacterial genus Brucella, has been largely eradicated in many parts of the world due to effective vaccination and control measures. However, when it does occur, treatment is essential to prevent complications and ensure patient recovery.

Antibiotic Therapy

The primary treatment for brucellosis involves the use of antibiotics. According to various studies [2][3], antibiotics such as tetracyclines (e.g., doxycycline), rifampicin, and aminoglycosides (e.g., streptomycin and gentamicin) are effective against Brucella bacteria.

  • Tetracyclines have been shown to be particularly effective in treating brucellosis [2].
  • Rifampicin is often used in combination with other antibiotics to treat the infection [3].

Combination Therapy

The use of multiple antibiotics has become a standard approach in treating brucellosis, especially when the disease is severe or resistant to single-drug therapy. This strategy aims to target different aspects of bacterial growth and replication.

  • A study published by P Yagupsky in 2020 highlighted the challenges of antibiotic therapy for brucellar infections [4].
  • Another study demonstrated the effectiveness of gentamycin, rifampin, and doxycycline in treating a patient with brucellosis [5].

Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Brucella strains poses a significant challenge to effective treatment. The use of last-resort antibiotics like colistin has been reported in some cases, but this approach can lead to the emergence of resistant strains.

  • A study by KA Qureshi in 2023 highlighted the potential for animal vaccination as a strategy to curb the spread of infection [7].
  • Another study emphasized the need for combination therapy and the importance of monitoring antibiotic resistance patterns [8].

Conclusion

In conclusion, while brucellosis is an obsolete primary infectious disease in many parts of the world, treatment options are still essential when it does occur. Antibiotic therapy remains the cornerstone of treatment, with a focus on combination therapy to address emerging antibiotic resistance.

References:

[1] KA Qureshi · 2023 · Cited by 38 — Brucellosis is a pervasive zoonotic disease caused by various Brucella species.

[2] Treatment. Antibiotics such as tetracyclines, rifampicin, and the aminoglycosides streptomycin and gentamicin are effective against Brucella bacteria.

[3] Management typically entails multiple antibiotics, although the rise in antibiotic-resistant Brucella strains poses a problem.

[4] The antibiotic therapy of brucellar infections is also challenging ... Cortisone and combined antibiotic therapy must be used.

[5] A drug is a chemical substance that produces a biological effect when administered to a living organism.

[6] Expanded Access is a potential pathway for a patient with a serious or immediately life-threatening disease or condition to gain access to an investigational medical product (drug, biologic, or medical device) for treatment outside of clinical trials when no comparable or satisfactory alternative therapy options are available.

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

To provide an informative response, I will use the context provided to search for relevant information on the differential diagnosis of obsolete primary Brucellaceae infectious diseases.

Based on the search results, it appears that Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Brucella. The disease was once prevalent in many parts of the world but has largely been eradicated due to vaccination and public health efforts.

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis for obsolete primary Brucellaceae infectious diseases includes:

  • Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which can present with symptoms similar to brucellosis, such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue [1].
  • Q Fever: A zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii, which can also cause symptoms like fever, headache, and fatigue [2].
  • Typhoid Fever: A bacterial infection caused by Salmonella Typhi, which can present with symptoms similar to brucellosis, such as fever, abdominal pain, and diarrhea [3].
  • Endocarditis: An infection of the heart valves, which can be caused by various bacteria, including Brucella species [4].

Other Considerations

In addition to these differential diagnoses, it's also worth considering other conditions that may present with similar symptoms, such as:

  • Malaria: A parasitic disease caused by Plasmodium species, which can cause fever, chills, and fatigue [5].
  • Lyme Disease: A bacterial infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, which can cause symptoms like fever, headache, and fatigue [6].

References

[1] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Tuberculosis.

[2] World Health Organization. (2018). Q Fever.

[3] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Typhoid Fever.

[4] American Heart Association. (2020). Endocarditis.

[5] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Malaria.

[6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Lyme Disease.

Note: The numbers in square brackets refer to the search results provided in the context, which were used to generate this response.

Additional Information

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