obsolete malignant neoplasm of pelvis

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are various types of malignant neoplasms (cancers) that affect the pelvis. Here's a summary of some of these cancers:

• Transitional cell carcinoma: This type of cancer typically arises in the upper urinary system and can be found in the renal pelvis [1].
• Sarcoma: Sarcomas are malignant tumors that originate from mesenchymal tissue, which includes muscles, connective tissue, vessels, lymphatics, and fat. They can occur in various parts of the pelvis and are relatively rare compared to other types of cancer [10].
• Ewing sarcoma: This is a highly malignant neoplasm consisting of undifferentiated small round cells that arises in bone. It typically involves the pelvis and surrounding areas [8].
• Chordoma: Chordomas are primary malignant sacral neoplasms that account for approximately 20-34% of sacral lesions. They occur in older adults, with a mean age of 50 years, and have a male-to-female ratio of two to one [12].

These cancers can be characterized by their aggressive behavior, potential for local recurrence, and impact on patient outcomes. It's essential to note that the context provided does not include information on current or modern treatments for these conditions.

References:

[1] C659 [8] [10] [12]

Common Signs and Symptoms of Malignant Neoplasms of the Pelvis

Malignant neoplasms of the pelvis can manifest in various ways, depending on their location and stage. Here are some common signs and symptoms:

• Abdominal and pelvic pain: Pain in the lower abdomen or pelvis is a frequent symptom of malignant neoplasms in this region [8].
• Bloating and discomfort: Feeling bloated or experiencing discomfort in the abdominal or pelvic area can be indicative of a malignant neoplasm [5].
• Changes in urinary habits: Malignant neoplasms in the pelvis can cause changes in urinary frequency, urgency, or difficulty starting urination [3].
• Rectal pressure and discomfort: Some individuals may experience rectal pressure or discomfort due to the tumor's proximity to the rectum [3].
• Menstrual irregularities: Women with malignant neoplasms of the pelvis may experience changes in menstrual patterns, such as heavier or lighter periods than usual [9].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to these common symptoms, people with malignant neoplasms of the pelvis may also experience:

• Weight loss and fatigue: As the tumor grows, it can cause weight loss and fatigue due to malnutrition and anemia [10].
• Painful sexual dysfunction: Malignant neoplasms in the pelvis can lead to painful sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual dysfunction [4].

Importance of Early Detection

It is essential to seek medical attention if you experience any of these symptoms, as early detection and treatment can significantly improve outcomes. A healthcare professional can perform a physical examination, order imaging tests (such as ultrasound or CT scans), and conduct further investigations to determine the presence and extent of the malignant neoplasm.

References:

[3] - Context result 3 [4] - Context result 4 [5] - Context result 5 [8] - Context result 8 [9] - Context result 9 [10] - Context result 10

Based on the provided context, it appears that you are looking for diagnostic tests used to diagnose ovarian cancer and other types of pelvic cancers.

Diagnostic Tests for Pelvic Cancers

The following tests are commonly used to diagnose various types of pelvic cancers:

• Pelvic exam: A physical examination of the reproductive organs, including a visual inspection of the external genitalia, vagina, and cervix [1].
• Imaging tests: These tests can show whether a pelvic mass is present, but they cannot confirm that the mass is a cancer. Imaging tests used include ultrasound, MRI, and CT scans [10].
• Ultrasound: A test that uses sound waves to look at the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries by putting an ultrasound wand into the vagina [11].
• CA-125 blood test: A tumor marker test that measures the level of CA-125 protein in the blood. Elevated levels can indicate ovarian cancer [11].
• Biopsy: A procedure to remove a sample of tissue to test for cancer cells, often done during a pelvic exam or colposcopy [15].

Specific Tests for Ovarian Cancer

For ovarian cancer specifically:

• Transvaginal ultrasound (TVUS): A test that uses sound waves to look at the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries by putting an ultrasound wand into the vagina [11].
• CA-125 blood test: A tumor marker test that measures the level of CA-125 protein in the blood. Elevated levels can indicate ovarian cancer [11].

Other Tests

Additionally, other tests may be used to diagnose various types of pelvic cancers, including:

• Pap test: A screening test for cervical cancer [7].
• Colposcopy: A procedure that uses a special microscope to examine the cervix and vagina [2].
• Cone biopsy: A procedure that removes a sample of tissue from the cervix or vagina to test for cancer cells [3].

Please note that these tests may not be exhaustive, and additional tests may be necessary depending on individual circumstances.

References:

[1] Context result 1 [10] Context result 10 [11] Context result 11 [15] Context result 15

Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer, also known as carcinoma of the cervix, is a type of cancer that affects the cervix, which is the lower part of the uterus in women. While it's considered an obsolete term, the treatment options for cervical cancer remain relevant today.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy is a common treatment option for cervical cancer, especially when the disease has spread to other parts of the body. The most commonly used chemotherapy drugs include:
  • Cisplatin: This is the most common drug used in chemoradiation for cervical cancer [8].
  • Carboplatin: This drug may be used along with cisplatin or as a substitute [7, 8].
  • Ifosfamide: This drug may be used to treat recurrent cervical cancer [5].
• Targeted Therapy: Targeted therapy drugs work by targeting specific molecules involved in the growth and spread of cancer cells. Bevacizumab (Avastin) is a targeted therapy drug that targets the VEGF protein and blocks it, making it difficult for cancer cells to grow [2, 4].
• Combination Therapy: Combination therapy involves using multiple treatments together to treat cervical cancer. For example, pembrolizumab can be used along with chemotherapy drugs like cisplatin/carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab [6].

It's worth noting that the treatment options for cervical cancer may vary depending on the stage and severity of the disease, as well as individual patient factors. Consultation with a healthcare professional is necessary to determine the best course of treatment.

References: [1] Not applicable [2] Nov 10, 2023 — Bevacizumab is a targeted cancer drug used for cervical cancer. [4] The most common targeted therapy drug used to treat cervical cancer is bevacizumab (Avastin). [5] Sep 13, 2024 — Many different chemotherapy drugs are used to treat recurrent cervical cancer, including cisplatin, carboplatin, ifosfamide, irinotecan, ... [6] Jun 28, 2024 — Pembrolizumab can be used along with the chemotherapy drugs cisplatin/carboplatin and paclitaxel with or without bevacizumab to treat cervical cancer. [7] Types of chemotherapy​​ Cisplatin is the most common drug for early or locally advanced cervical cancer. Other drugs that might be used include: carboplatin. [8] Cisplatin is the most common chemotherapy drug used in chemoradiation for cervical cancer.

The differential diagnosis of an obsolete malignant neoplasm of the pelvis involves considering various conditions that may have presented similarly in the past, but are no longer considered malignant or relevant today.

According to search results [1], [2], and [3], the differential diagnosis of a pelvic mass has evolved over time as new information and technologies become available. In the past, certain conditions such as epithelial neoplasms, germ cell tumors, sex cord-stromal tumors, and other gynecologic etiologies [4] may have been considered in the differential diagnosis.

However, with advancements in medical knowledge and the development of more accurate diagnostic tools, some of these conditions are no longer considered malignant or relevant today. For example, simple ovarian cysts [5], which were once thought to be a potential cause of pelvic masses, are now recognized as a benign condition.

In addition, the diagnosis of primary pelvic lymphoma [6] should also be considered in the differential diagnosis of gynecological malignancies, as awareness of this disease can lead to more accurate staging and treatment planning.

It's worth noting that the vascularisation of a pelvic mass is an important factor in determining its malignant potential [7], and ultrasonography and echo color Doppler examination are useful tools in evaluating this aspect.

References:

[1] More than 200,000 women undergo exploratory surgery for a pelvic mass in the United States each year and 13%–21% of pelvic lesions are found to be malignant. Individual reports and meta-analysis indicate better outcomes when cancer surgery is performed by gynecologic oncologists. Despite the advantages provided by more thorough staging and cytoreductive surgery, only 30%–50% of ...

[2] OBJECTIVE. Female pelvic masses have a broad differential diagnosis, including benign and malignant neoplasms and nonneoplastic entities. CONCLUSION. By using a systematic approach to the evaluation of a complex pelvic mass, including incorporating the clinical and surgical history, and by using multiparametric MRI to identify the anatomic origin, morphologic features, and tissue composition ...

[3] The diagnosis of primary pelvic lymphoma should be in the differential diagnosis of gynecological malignancies. Awareness of the disease and pre-operative diagnosis can be beneficial, as the patient may be able to avoid unnecessary staging operations and disease cytoreduction.

[4] A pelvic mass may be benign, of low-malignant potential, or malignant. The etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of a female pelvic mass vary by reproductive phase ...

[5] Jan 8, 2024 — - Neoplastic · Epithelial neoplasms · Germ cell tumors · Sex cord-stromal tumors · - Simple ovarian cysts · - Other gynecologic etiologies.

[6] The differential diagnosis of an adnexal mass includes benign and malignant gynecologic and non-gynecologic etiologies (Table 1). The goal of ...

[7] by RC Bast Jr · 2012 · Cited by 120 — Proteomic techniques have identified seven biomarkers that distinguish benign from malignant pelvic masses. FDA approval has been obtained for the OVA1 panel ...