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miliaria
ICD-10 Codes
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Description
Miliaria, also known as sweat/heat rash or prickly heat, is a skin condition caused by blocked or inflamed sweat ducts [1]. It affects the deepest layer of the skin (dermis) and causes firm, painful or itchy inflamed bumps that look like goose bumps and may break open [2].
In miliaria, sweat flow is obstructed and trapped within the skin, causing skin lesions. This condition can be diagnosed clinically, and treatment includes measures to keep affected areas cool and dry [3]. Miliaria is a common disorder of the eccrine sweat glands that often occurs in conditions of increased heat and humidity [4].
The symptoms of miliaria include hundreds of small, itchy bumps, as seen in cases of miliaria rubra, which is the medical term for heat rash [5]. This condition can be caused by blockage within the eccrine sweat duct, also known as "sweat rash" or eccrine miliaria [8].
In summary, miliaria is a skin condition characterized by blocked or inflamed sweat ducts, leading to firm, painful or itchy inflamed bumps and skin lesions. It is often caused by increased heat and humidity and can be diagnosed clinically.
References: [1] - Miliaria is a common disorder of the eccrine sweat glands that often occurs in conditions of increased heat and humidity. [2] - Firm, painful or itchy inflamed bumps that look like goose bumps and may break open [3] - In miliaria, sweat flow is obstructed and trapped within the skin, causing skin lesions. Diagnosis is clinical. Treatment includes measures to keep affected areas cool and dry. [4] - Miliaria is a common disorder of the eccrine sweat glands that often occurs in conditions of increased heat and humidity. [5] - Typically, there are hundreds of small, itchy bumps, as seen here. [8] - Eccrine miliaria is a common, transient cutaneous disorder caused by blockage within the eccrine sweat duct. It is also known as "sweat rash," ...
Additional Characteristics
- skin lesions
- blocked or inflamed sweat ducts
- firm, painful or itchy inflamed bumps
- increased heat and humidity
- eccrine sweat glands
- sweat flow is obstructed and trapped within the skin
- diagnosed clinically
- keep affected areas cool and dry
- hundreds of small, itchy bumps
- blockedage within the eccrine sweat duct
- sweat rash
Signs and Symptoms
Common Signs and Symptoms of Miliaria
Miliaria, also known as heat rash or prickly heat, presents with several distinct signs and symptoms. These include:
- Small, raised spots: The affected area typically features numerous small bumps, which can be clear, white, or red in color [8].
- Itchy, prickly feeling: One of the most uncomfortable aspects of miliaria is the intense itching and prickling sensation that occurs as a result of the skin's reaction to blocked sweat glands [2][5].
- Mild swelling: In some cases, mild swelling may occur in the affected area, adding to the discomfort experienced by those with miliaria [5].
- Lack of sweat: A notable characteristic of miliaria rubra is the absence or reduction of sweating in the affected area, which can further exacerbate the condition [7].
These symptoms are often accompanied by a red appearance on white skin, making it easier to spot the rash. It's essential to note that while these signs and symptoms may vary in severity, they are generally harmless and resolve once the underlying cause is addressed.
References: [2] - Heat rash is a harmless but very itchy skin rash. [5] - The symptoms of heat rash are: small, raised spots; an itchy, prickly feeling; mild swelling. The rash looks red on white skin. It may be harder to see or look ... [7] - Miliaria rubra: This type is more commonly known as prickly heat, and it causes larger bumps, inflammation, and a lack of sweat in the affected area. [8] - A heat rash typically looks like small clear, white, or red bumps on your skin. These bumps are sometimes filled with fluid.
Additional Symptoms
- Small, raised spots
- Itchy, prickly feeling
- Mild swelling
- Lack of sweat
Diagnostic Tests
Diagnostic Tests for Miliaria
Miliaria, also known as heat rash or prickly heat, can be diagnosed through a combination of clinical presentation and physical examination.
- Clinical Presentation: The diagnosis of miliaria is usually made by its typical clinical appearance, which includes small, itchy bumps or blisters on the skin. In severe cases or repeated episodes, a punch biopsy may be useful to confirm the diagnosis [3][4].
- Physical Examination: A healthcare provider can diagnose heat rash by examining the skin and looking for characteristic symptoms such as nonfollicular vesicles and papules, asymptomatic eruption (crystallina), and clear noninflammatory vesicles [5].
- Skin Biopsy: While not always necessary, a skin biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis in severe cases or when there is uncertainty. The biopsy can demonstrate a vesicle within the stratum corneum of a sweat duct for miliaria crystallina [7][8].
Laboratory Testing
Laboratory testing is typically not required for diagnosing miliaria, as the diagnosis is usually made through clinical presentation and physical examination findings [6]. However, in some cases, laboratory tests may be performed to rule out other conditions that may have similar symptoms.
- Dermoscopy: Dermoscopy has been found to be a useful tool in the diagnosis of miliaria, particularly for miliaria crystallina. It can help identify characteristic features such as nonfollicular vesicles and papules [8].
Summary
In summary, the diagnostic tests for miliaria include clinical presentation, physical examination, skin biopsy (in severe cases or uncertainty), and laboratory testing (typically not required). Dermoscopy may also be used to aid in diagnosis.
References:
[1] KC Guerra · 2023 · Cited by 9 — [2] You don't need tests to diagnose heat rash. Your health care provider is usually able to diagnose it by examining the skin. [3] How is miliaria diagnosed? Heat rash is diagnosed on its typical clinical presentation. In severe cases or repeated episodes, punch biopsy can be useful. [4] Diagnosis of miliaria is by clinical appearance in the context of a hot environment or skin occlusion (eg, patients who are hospitalized or bedridden and who ... [5] Jan 18, 2023 — Key diagnostic factors · nonfollicular vesicles and papules (all types) · asymptomatic eruption (crystallina) · clear noninflammatory vesicles ( ... [6] Laboratory testing is typically not required as the diagnosis is usually made by historical and physical exam findings. However, a skin biopsy of an active ... [7] Jul 6, 2017 — The diagnosis is a clinical one. While not necessary, a skin biopsy may demonstrate a vesicle within the stratum corneum of a sweat duct for ... [8] Aug 8, 2023 — Evaluation. Miliaria is a clinical diagnosis. Laboratory tests are often inconclusive and not helpful. Dermoscopy has been found to be a ... [9] Mar 2, 2022 — There aren't any tests to diagnose a heat rash.
Additional Diagnostic Tests
- Physical Examination
- Skin Biopsy
- Dermoscopy
- Clinical Presentation
- Laboratory Testing (typically not required)
Treatment
Treatment Options for Miliaria
Miliaria, also known as prickly heat or sweat rash, can be treated with various medications and home remedies to alleviate symptoms and prevent complications.
- Topical corticosteroids: Mild-to-mid-potency corticosteroids, such as 0.1% triamcinolone cream, may be applied to reduce inflammation and relieve discomfort [2].
- Calamine lotion: Calamine lotion can help relieve itching and discomfort associated with miliaria [3]. However, it is essential to note that calamine lotion can be drying, so an emollient may be required to prevent dry skin.
- Antimicrobial treatments: In cases of miliaria profunda, topical application of anhydrous lanolin and isotretinoin has resulted in dramatic improvement [1].
- Corticosteroid creams: Cortisone cream can be used to treat any persistent rashes or eczema that may have developed as a result of miliaria [4].
Additional Measures
In addition to medication, it is essential to take measures to keep affected areas cool and dry. This can include:
- Cooling the skin: Applying cool compresses or taking cool showers can help reduce heat and alleviate symptoms.
- Avoiding exposure to heat: Staying away from sources of heat, such as direct sunlight or hot environments, can prevent further irritation and discomfort.
Prescription Medications
In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary to treat miliaria. These can include:
- Topical antibiotics: For miliaria pustulosa, a healthcare professional may prescribe a topical antibiotic such as clindamycin [9].
- Antihistamines: Antihistamines can help relieve itching and discomfort associated with miliaria [4].
It is essential to consult a medical professional for proper diagnosis and treatment of miliaria. They can provide personalized advice and recommend the most effective course of treatment based on individual needs.
References:
[1] Topical application of anhydrous lanolin and isotretinoin has resulted in dramatic improvement in patients with miliaria profunda [1].
[2] Miliaria rubra is managed by reducing inflammation; thus, mild-to-mid-potency corticosteroids, such as 0.1% triamcinolone cream, may be applied [2].
[3] Calamine lotion to relieve discomfort; because calamine lotion is drying, an emollient may be required [3].
[4] Use a cortisone cream to treat any persistent rashes or eczema that may have developed. Take any antibiotics prescribed for infection. Use antihistamines to relieve itching and discomfort [4].
[5] Treatment includes measures to keep affected areas cool and dry and use of topical corticosteroids for the rash [5].
Recommended Medications
- Calamine lotion
- Anhydrous lanolin
- isotretinoin
- Isotretinoin
- clindamycin
- Clindamycin
- cortisone
- Cortisone
- triamcinolone
- Triamcinolone
💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.
Differential Diagnosis
Differential Diagnosis of Miliaria
Miliaria, also known as prickly heat or sweat rash, can be confused with several other skin conditions that present with similar symptoms. The differential diagnosis for miliaria includes:
- Herpes Simplex: A viral infection that causes small, fluid-filled blisters on the skin.
- Varicella (Chickenpox): A highly contagious viral infection that causes a rash of itchy, blister-like spots.
- Syphilis: A bacterial infection that can cause a variety of symptoms, including a rash on the skin.
- Cutaneous Candidiasis: A fungal infection that causes redness, itching, and small blisters on the skin.
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS): A bacterial infection that causes widespread blistering of the skin.
These conditions can be distinguished from miliaria by their specific characteristics, such as the location and appearance of the lesions, as well as the presence of other symptoms. [1][2][3][4]
References
- [1] KC Guerra (2023) - Miliaria crystallina can be confused with congenital herpes simplex, varicella, syphilis, candidiasis, or staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome.
- [2] by KC Guerra · 2023 · Cited by 9 — Differential Diagnosis · Viral exanthems or viral infections, such as herpes simplex or varicella · Cutaneous candidiasis or other fungal skin ...
- [3] What is the differential diagnosis for miliaria? Skin disorders presenting with papules, vesicles, or pustules that look similar to miliaria include: Herpes ...
- [4] Aug 8, 2023 — Differential Diagnosis. Viral exanthems or viral infections such as herpes simplex or varicella. Cutaneous candidiasis or other fungal skin ...
Additional Differential Diagnoses
- West Nile fever
- Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome (SSSS)
- cutaneous candidiasis
- syphilis
- herpes simplex
- chickenpox
Additional Information
- rdf-schema#subClassOf
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/DOID_1383
- rdf-schema#domain
- https://w3id.org/def/predibionto#has_symptom_3268
- owl#annotatedSource
- t408795
- oboInOwl#hasOBONamespace
- disease_ontology
- oboInOwl#hasDbXref
- UMLS_CUI:C0026113
- oboInOwl#id
- DOID:1382
- core#notation
- DOID:1382
- IAO_0000115
- A sweat gland disease that is characterized by blocked eccrine sweat glands and ducts.
- oboInOwl#hasExactSynonym
- sweat rash
- rdf-schema#label
- miliaria
- oboInOwl#inSubset
- http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/doid#NCIthesaurus
- relatedICD
- http://example.org/icd10/L74.3
- 22-rdf-syntax-ns#type
- http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#Class
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