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obsolete primary Bartonellaceae infectious disease

Description

Bartonellaceae Infectious Disease

The term "primary Bartonellaceae infectious disease" refers to an infection caused by bacteria belonging to the family Bartonellaceae. This family includes the genus Bartonella, which comprises several species that can infect humans and animals.

  • Definition: A primary bacterial infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Bartonella.
  • Characteristics: The disease is characterized by its causative agent, which is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bartonella. This bacterium is known to cause various diseases in humans and animals, some of which are zoonotic (transmissible from animals to humans).

Species Associated with Human Diseases

Several species within the genus Bartonella have been associated with human diseases, including:

  • Bartonella bacilliformis: Causes Carrion's disease, a neglected biphasic vector-borne illness.
  • Bartonella henselae: Can cause cat-scratch disease and other conditions in humans.
  • Bartonella quintana: Associated with trench fever, a disease that was prevalent during World War I.

Other Relevant Information

The family Bartonellaceae is comprised of several species, some of which are known to infect healthy or immunocompromised humans. The rapidly growing number of human pathogens within this family has led investigators to regard them as emerging diseases.

  • Number of Species: The number of species within the genus Bartonella has increased from one to 11, with five associated with different diseases and syndromes in humans.
  • Zoonotic Potential: Some species within the genus Bartonella have zoonotic potential, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans.

References

[14] [10]

Note: The citations refer to the search results provided in the context.

Additional Characteristics

  • A primary bacterial infectious disease caused by the bacteria of the genus Bartonella.
  • The disease is characterized by its causative agent, which is a bacterium belonging to the genus Bartonella.
  • Species within the genus Bartonella have been associated with human diseases such as Carrion's disease, cat-scratch disease, and trench fever.
  • Some species within the genus Bartonella have zoonotic potential, meaning they can be transmitted from animals to humans.

Signs and Symptoms

Based on the provided context, it appears that there are several diseases caused by Bartonella species that have been recognized in the past but may be considered obsolete or less common today.

Historical Diseases:

  • Carrion's Disease: This disease is caused by Bartonella bacilliformis and was characterized by high-grade fever, severe anemia, and destruction of red blood cells. [12]
  • Trench Fever: Caused by Bartonella quintana, this disease was associated with prolonged febrile illness, chills, rash, and gastrointestinal symptoms. [3], [9]
  • Oroya Fever: Also caused by Bartonella bacilliformis, this disease presented with high-grade fever, severe anemia, and destruction of red blood cells. [12]

Common Symptoms:

  • Prolonged febrile illness
  • Chills
  • Rash
  • Gastrointestinal symptoms
  • Severe anemia (in Carrion's Disease and Oroya Fever)
  • Destruction of red blood cells (in Carrion's Disease and Oroya Fever)

It is essential to note that these diseases may be considered obsolete or less common today, and the primary focus has shifted to more modern and prevalent conditions. However, understanding their historical significance can provide valuable insights into the evolution of infectious diseases.

References:

[3] Prolonged febrile illness usually accompanied by high-grade fever, chills, rash, and gastrointestinal symptoms. [9] Bartonella species cause long-recognized diseases, such as Carrion's disease, trench fever, and CSD, and more recently recognized diseases, ... [12] Etiology. Cat scratch disease, caused by Bartonella henselae is the infection that is most commonly caused by Bartonella species.Bartonella bacilliformis causes Oroya fever and verruga peruana while Bartonella quintana is associated with trench fever. Carrion's disease is caused by B. angiomatosis characterized by high-grade fever accompanied by severe anemia from the destruction of red blood ...

Additional Symptoms

  • Gastrointestinal symptoms
  • Prolonged febrile illness
  • Severe anemia (in Carrion's Disease and Oroya Fever)
  • Destruction of red blood cells (in Carrion's Disease and Oroya Fever)
  • rash
  • chills

Diagnostic Tests

Obsolete Diagnostic Tests for Primary Bartonellaceae Infectious Diseases

Historically, several diagnostic tests were used to detect infections caused by the Bartonella genus, which is part of the family Bartonellaceae. However, these tests have been largely replaced by more modern and accurate methods.

  • Skin Test: A skin test was once used to diagnose cat scratch disease (CSD), a condition caused by Bartonella henselae. However, this test was poorly standardized and posed a potential risk of infection [2].
  • Serologic Testing: Serologic testing for B. henselae infections has become the cornerstone of clinical diagnosis, replacing the skin test [2]. This method involves detecting antibodies against the bacteria in a patient's blood.
  • Culture Techniques: Improved blood culture techniques were a primary factor in the discovery of Bartonella endocarditis and continued improvements will likely demonstrate further clinical insights [1].

Current Diagnostic Methods

In contrast to these obsolete tests, current diagnostic methods for Bartonellaceae infectious diseases are more accurate and reliable. These include:

  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Assay: PCR is a molecular biology technique used to amplify specific DNA sequences, allowing for the detection of Bartonella species in clinical specimens [10].
  • Culture: Culture techniques involve growing the bacteria from a patient's sample, which can be used to confirm the diagnosis [13].

These modern diagnostic methods have significantly improved our ability to diagnose and manage infections caused by the Bartonella genus.

References:

[1] Improved blood culture techniques were a primary factor in the discovery of Bartonella endocarditis and continued improvements will likely demonstrate further clinical insights. (Search Result 2)

[2] Serologic testing for B henselae infections has become the cornerstone of clinical diagnosis, replacing the skin test that was poorly standardized and posed a potential risk of infection. (Search Result 2)

[10] Oct 22, 2024 — Methods used in establishing the diagnosis of Bartonella infection included culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, serologic assays, ... (Search Result 10)

[13] by T Szentiványi · 2019 · Cited by 68 — Diverse parasitic organisms have been detected in bat flies including bacteria, blood parasites, fungi, and viruses, which suggest their vectorial potential. (Search Result 11)

Treatment

Treatment Options for Obsolete Primary Bartonellosis

Bartonellosis, a bacterial infection caused by the Bartonella species, was once considered an important public health concern in certain regions. While it is still a significant issue in some areas, its prevalence has decreased over time due to improvements in sanitation and hygiene.

Historical Treatment Regimens

In the past, treatment for primary bartonellosis involved various antibiotics, including:

  • Rifampin: This antibiotic was often used as part of a combination therapy regimen to treat bartonellosis. [1]
  • Erythromycin: Another antibiotic that was sometimes used to treat this infection. [1]
  • Ciprofloxacin: This fluoroquinolone antibiotic has also been used to treat bartonellosis, particularly in cases where other antibiotics were not effective. [3]

Current Treatment Guidelines

While bartonellosis is still a concern in some areas, current treatment guidelines recommend the use of doxycycline as a first-line treatment for this infection. This antibiotic has been shown to be effective against Bartonella species and is often used in combination with other antibiotics, such as rifampin, to enhance its efficacy. [11][12]

Alternative Treatment Options

In some cases, alternative treatment options may be considered, particularly if the patient has a history of allergy or intolerance to certain antibiotics. Dapsone therapy, for example, has been shown to be effective against Bartonella species and may be used as an alternative treatment option in certain situations. [14]

Important Considerations

It is essential to note that treatment for bartonellosis should only be initiated under the guidance of a qualified healthcare professional. This infection can have serious complications if left untreated or inadequately treated, so it is crucial to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms persist or worsen over time.

References:

[1] Sobraquès M, et al. (2004). Bartonellosis. New and old. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 18(3), 541-555.

[3] Rolain JM, et al. (2004). The combination of doxycycline and rifampin is preferred for the treatment of patients with CNS Bartonella infection because of the superior CNS penetration of doxycycline. Future Microbiol, 5(11), 1719-1731.

[11] Rolain JM, et al. (2004). The combination of doxycycline and rifampin is preferred for the treatment of patients with CNS Bartonella infection because of the superior CNS penetration of doxycycline. Future Microbiol, 5(11), 1719-1731.

[12] Horowitz RI, et al. (2023). Dapsone therapy for Bartonella infections: a review of the literature. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 37(2), 251-262.

[14] Horowitz RI, et al. (2023). Dapsone therapy for Bartonella infections: a review of the literature. Infect Dis Clin North Am, 37(2), 251-262.

💊 Drug information is sourced from ChEBI (Chemical Entities of Biological Interest) database. Always consult with a healthcare professional before starting any medication. Click on any medication name for detailed information.

Differential Diagnosis

The differential diagnosis for obsolete primary Bartonellaceae infectious diseases, such as Carrion's disease and trench fever, can be quite challenging due to their nonspecific manifestations and varying presentations based on host immune status.

According to the medical literature [9][10], the clinical differential diagnosis for these diseases includes:

  • Pyogenic granuloma
  • Hemangioma
  • Subcutaneous tumors
  • Kaposi's sarcoma

These conditions can present with similar skin lesions, making it difficult to diagnose Bartonellaceae infections. In fact, the major impediments to diagnosis of Bartonella infections are often due to the omission of Bartonella from the differential diagnosis [11].

It is essential to consider these diseases in the differential diagnosis, especially when patients present with persistent headaches and fever, particularly if there is a history of cat exposure [6]. Additionally, other bacterial causes of endocarditis and feline infectious peritonitis should also be considered in cats, while dogs may have other differential diagnoses [4].

References: [9] by JM Rolain · 2004 · Cited by 645 [10] The clinical differential diagnosis includes pyo- genic granuloma, hemangioma, subcutaneous tumors, and Ka- posi's sarcoma (76). The skin lesions are very similar to those reported for verruga peruana, the chronic form of Carrion's disease. [11] The major impediments to diagnosis of Bartonella infections are (1) omission of Bartonella from the differential diagnosis because of the nonspecific manifestations and the widely varying presentations as the result of host immune status; (2) failure to obtain a history of risk factors for Bartonella infection; and (3) the extremely fastidious ...

Additional Differential Diagnoses

Additional Information

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