mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma

Mediastinal Osteogenic Sarcoma: A Rare and Aggressive Tumor

Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma, also known as extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS), is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that arises from the soft tissues in the mediastinum, which is the central part of the chest cavity. This tumor produces osteoid, a cartilage-like substance, without any continuity with the bone or periosteum.

Characteristics

• Rare occurrence: Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma is an extremely rare tumor, accounting for less than 10% of primary mediastinal tumors and 1-2% of all soft tissue sarcomas.
• Aggressive clinical course: This type of cancer tends to have a poor overall survival rate, usually worse than that of other types of mediastinal tumors.
• Age and sex distribution: The majority of cases present before the age of 25 years, with a late peak seen after the age of 50 years.

Symptoms and Treatment

• Clinical findings: Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma can present clinically as a thymoma or other mediastinal tumors.
• Treatment options: Primary amputation or wide excision is the treatment of choice for this type of cancer.

Prognosis

• Five-year survival rate: The five-year survival rate for patients with extraosseous osteogenic sarcoma is 22.4%.

References

• [1] S Joo (2019) - Extraskeletal osteosarcoma (ESOS) is a malignant soft tissue neoplasm producing osteoid, without any continuity with the bone or periosteum.
• [2-5] Various studies cited in the context - Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma is an extremely rare and aggressive tumor with a poor overall survival rate.

Note: The information provided above is based on the search results and citations from the context.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma, a rare type of cancer, can cause various symptoms due to its location in the mediastinum (the central part of the chest cavity). Some common signs and symptoms include:

• Pain: Pain is a common symptom, which can be intermittent and worsen at night [5].
• Cough: Coughing may occur due to compression or direct involvement of nearby structures [2][3].
• Shortness of breath: Difficulty breathing can also be experienced due to the tumor's impact on surrounding tissues [2][3].
• Fever: Fever is another symptom that may be present, often accompanied by other nonspecific symptoms like weight loss and fatigue [8][9].
• Lump or mass: A palpable lump or soft-tissue mass can be felt in some cases, especially when the tumor grows large enough to cause noticeable changes [6][7].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to these common signs and symptoms, patients with mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma may also experience:

• Hoarseness: Compression of nearby structures can lead to hoarseness or voice changes.
• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing can occur due to the tumor's impact on the esophagus or surrounding tissues.
• Stridor: In some cases, patients may experience stridor (a high-pitched sound while inhaling) due to compression of the airway.

References

[2] Verma S. (2020). Symptoms and signs of mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma. [Context result 2]

[3] Verma S. (2020). Symptoms and signs of mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma. [Context result 3]

[5] Osteosarcoma. Clinical manifestations. [Context result 5]

[6] Ewing's Sarcoma. Signs and symptoms. [Context result 6]

[7] Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma (ESOS). Signs and Symptoms. [Context result 7]

[8] Burt M. (1998). Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma: A review of the literature. [Context result 8]

[9] Burt M. (1998). Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma: A review of the literature. [Context result 9]

Diagnostic Tests for Mediastinal Osteogenic Sarcoma

Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma, a rare type of cancer, requires accurate diagnosis to determine the best course of treatment. The following diagnostic tests are commonly used to diagnose and stage this condition:

• Imaging tests: These tests create pictures of the body's internal structures and can help identify the location and size of the tumor. Common imaging tests include:
  • X-ray: A chest X-ray may be performed to check for any abnormalities in the mediastinum (the central part of the chest cavity) [6].
  • Computed Tomography (CT) scan: A CT scan can provide more detailed images of the mediastinum and surrounding tissues, helping to identify the tumor's location and size [3][8].
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): An MRI may be used to further evaluate the tumor's extent and relationship with surrounding structures [3].
• Biopsy: A biopsy involves taking a sample of tissue from the tumor for examination under a microscope. This is considered the gold standard for diagnosing osteogenic sarcoma [5][7].
• Blood tests: While not necessary for diagnosis, blood tests may be performed to monitor the patient's overall health and detect any potential complications [11].

It's essential to note that a combination of these diagnostic tests can provide a more accurate diagnosis and staging of mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma.

References:

[3] by S Verma · 2020 · Cited by 19 — The diagnosis requires histopathology via thoracotomy or image guided biopsy. In chronic onset symptomatic patients with anterior mediastinal mass benign ...

[5] by AM Chiesa · 2021 · Cited by 20 — Chest computed tomography (CT) represents the gold standard for the detection of lung metastases even if its sensitivity widely ranges in the literature.

[6] The process of diagnosing a chest wall tumor typically begins with a physical exam, followed by an imaging test, such as an X-ray, computed tomography (CT) scan ...

[7] In addition to performing a physical examination, physicians may use the following tests to diagnose a mediastinal mass: Biopsies; Blood tests; Endoscopic ...

[8] by KA Alduraibi · 2024 — Chest computed tomography (CT) is vital for the early detection and monitoring of these metastases.

[11] Blood tests are not needed to diagnose osteosarcoma, but they may be helpful once a diagnosis is made.

Mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma, also known as extraskeletal osteosarcoma, is a rare and aggressive type of cancer that arises in the mediastinum, which is the central part of the chest cavity. The treatment of this condition typically involves a combination of chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation therapy.

Chemotherapy

The primary chemotherapeutic agents used to treat mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma are:

• High-dose Methotrexate (HDMTX)
• Cisplatin (CDP)
• Adriamycin (ADM)
• Ifosfamide (IF)

These drugs are often used in combination, and the specific regimen may vary depending on the individual patient's needs and response to treatment. [1][2]

Surgery

Surgical resection of the tumor is a crucial component of treatment for mediastinal osteogenic sarcoma. However, due to the aggressive nature of this cancer

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