diffuse large B-cell lymphoma activated B-cell type

Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) Activated B-Cell Type

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can arise in lymph nodes or outside of the lymphatic system. The activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtype of DLBCL is a biologic subset with a unique molecular signature or expression profile, representing approximately 30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas [1].

Characteristics

• Derived from plasmablasts that are characterized by a block in differentiation [2]
• Fast-growing blood cancer
• Can arise in lymph nodes or outside of the lymphatic system

Treatment and Prognosis

• Treatment can cure DLBCL, but the condition may come back [3]
• Chemoimmunotherapy with rituximab is an effective treatment option for ABC-DLBCL [1]

References:

[1] Context 5 - Activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are derived from plasmablasts that are characterized by a block in differentiation. ABC DLBCLs represent approximately 30% of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas.

[2] Context 5 - Activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs) are derived from plasmablasts that are characterized by a block in differentiation.

[3] Context 4 - Oct 31, 2022 — Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a fast-growing blood cancer. Treatment can cure DLBCL, but the condition may come back.

Common Signs and Symptoms

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) activated B-cell type can exhibit a range of symptoms, which may vary from person to person. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with this condition:

• Swollen Lymph Nodes: The most common symptom is one or more painless swellings in the neck, armpit, or groin area, which are enlarged lymph nodes [4].
• Fever and Night Sweats: Around 1 in 3 people with DLBCL experience fevers, night sweats, and unexplained weight loss, known as 'B symptoms' [1].
• Weight Loss: Unexplained weight loss is a common symptom, especially if it occurs over the last six months [2].
• Fatigue: People with this type of DLBCL may feel generally unwell and experience fatigue [5].
• Swelling of the Liver or Spleen: In some cases, people may experience swelling of the liver or spleen [5].

Other Possible Symptoms

In addition to these common symptoms, other possible signs and symptoms of DLBCL activated B-cell type include:

• Painless Swellings: These swellings can grow very quickly and may or may not be painful [8].
• General Feeling of Unwellness: People with this condition may feel generally unwell and experience a range of symptoms, including fever, night sweats, and weight loss [6].

Important Note

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be associated with other conditions. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and treatment plan.

References: [1] - Context result 1 [2] - Context result 2 [4] - Context result 4 [5] - Context result 5 [6] - Context result 6 [8] - Context result 8

To diagnose Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) activated B-cell type, several diagnostic tests are employed. Here's a summary of the relevant information:

• Biopsy: A tissue biopsy is necessary for a definitive diagnosis of DLBCL. This involves removing part or all of an affected lymph node or other abnormal area to examine it under a microscope ([14]).
• Imaging studies: Routine CT scanning of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis is the standard imaging study for patients with lymphoma ([5]). Functional imaging may also be used to assess the extent of disease.
• Blood tests: Blood tests such as full blood count and liver function test may be performed to check for any abnormalities ([13]).
• Bone marrow test: A bone marrow test may be conducted to check if there are lymphoma cells in the bone marrow ([6]).

It's worth noting that a diagnosis of DLBCL requires multiple steps, including documentation of the patient's medical and family history, current medications, comorbidities, and current signs and symptoms ([9]). Additionally, the subtype of DLBCL (in this case, activated B-cell type) may be characterized by specific gene expression patterns ([10]).

References: [5] - Routine CT scanning of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis is the standard imaging study for patients with lymphoma. [6] - A bone marrow test Open a glossary item to check if you have lymphoma cells in your bone marrow; [9] - For a diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), multiple steps are required to determine the subtype, stage of disease, and the extent to which tissues and organ systems are involved. [10] - Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a heterogeneous diagnostic category. Based on similarities with the presumed cell of origin (COO), the subgroups of germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphomas are characterized by the different pattern of gene expression. [13] - You may any or all of these tests: Lymph node biopsy: This involves taking a small sample of a swollen lymph node to confirm the diagnosis of lymphoma.; Full blood count: This is a blood test that checks if you have developed anaemia (a low level of red blood cells that can lead to tiredness and breathlessness).; Liver function test: This is a blood test that checks how well your liver is working. [14] - A tissue biopsy is needed for a definitive diagnosis of DLBCL.

Treatment Overview

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) activated B-cell type is a subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that requires aggressive treatment. The standard treatment for DLBCL activated B-cell type typically involves a combination of chemotherapy and targeted therapy.

Chemotherapy Regimens

The most common chemotherapy regimen used to treat DLBCL activated B-cell type is R-CHOP, which consists of:

• Rituximab (a monoclonal antibody targeting CD20-positive cells)
• Cyclophosphamide
• Doxorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin)
• Vincristine (Oncovin)
• Prednisone

This regimen has been shown to be effective in treating DLBCL activated B-cell type, with a cure rate of over 60% [6][1]. Other chemotherapy regimens, such as R-CHOP-like combinations and venetoclax-based therapies, may also be used depending on the individual patient's characteristics and response to treatment.

Targeted Therapy

In addition to chemotherapy, targeted therapy with agents such as rituximab has become a standard component of DLBCL activated B-cell type treatment. Rituximab targets CD20-positive cells and has been shown to improve outcomes in patients with DLBCL [2][4].

Treatment Outcomes

The majority of patients with DLBCL activated B-cell type can be cured within four to five months of combined chemotherapy and rituximab [7]. However, some patients may experience relapse or resistance to treatment. In such cases, additional therapies, including stem cell transplantation, may be considered.

References

[1] 5. Jul 20, 2023 — R-CHOP—rituximab in combination with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (hydroxydaunorubicin), vincristine (Oncovin), and prednisone—is the standard ...

[2] 2. by JY Kwak · 2012 · Cited by 41 — DLBCL is typically treated with combination chemoimmunotherapy that includes the antibody rituximab and anthracyclines [11-15].

[3] 9. Oct 31, 2022 — Healthcare providers treat most DLBCL types by combining several cancer drugs. This treatment often eliminates DLBCL signs and symptoms and ...

[4] 6. Jan 20, 2022 — While DLBCL is an aggressive subtype of NHL, more than 60% of patients are cured with rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and ...

[5] 1. May 31, 2024 — Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) tends to grow quickly. Most often, the treatment is chemotherapy (chemo), usually with 4 drugs known as ...

The differential diagnosis of activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma involves considering other types of lymphomas and conditions that may present with similar clinical features.

Key Differential Diagnoses:

• Burkitt's lymphoma: A high-grade B-cell lymphoma characterized by a distinct histopathological appearance, often with a "starry sky" pattern due to the presence of tingible body macrophages. [7][12]
• Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL): A type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can present with a similar clinical picture to ABC DLBCL, including large cells and a tendency to involve extranodal sites. [7][13]
• Gray-zone lymphomas: A group of lymphoid neoplasms that exhibit features intermediate between classical Hodgkin lymphoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which can be challenging to distinguish from ABC DLBCL. [7]

Other Considerations:

• Reactive lymphoid proliferations: Conditions such as follicular hyperplasia or Castleman disease may mimic the clinical presentation of ABC DLBCL.
• Non-hematopoietic tumors: Certain types of cancer, like carcinomas or sarcomas, can present with similar histopathological features to ABC DLBCL.

Diagnostic Approach:

Accurate diagnosis of ABC DLBCL requires a comprehensive evaluation of tumor tissue, including immunophenotypic and cytogenetic analysis. An expert hematopathologist should be consulted to ensure proper interpretation of the diagnostic findings. [12][13]

References:

[7] - Context 7 [12] - Context 12 [13] - Context 13