anaplastic large cell lymphoma

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a rare and serious form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that affects cells called T lymphocytes [1]. It's a type of cancer that originates from mature T-lymphocytes, accounting for about 10% of non-Hodgkin lymphoma cases in children and young adults [9].

ALCL is characterized by the presence of abnormal (cancerous) white blood cells called T-cells, which express a marker called CD30 or Ki-1 on their surface [5]. This type of lymphoma can develop in various parts of the body, including the skin, lymph nodes, spleen, and bone marrow.

Primary cutaneous ALCL usually manifests as a single or localized cluster of erythematous skin nodules, which may be accompanied by other symptoms such as fever, weight loss, and fatigue [8]. In some cases, ALCL can progress rapidly and become aggressive, requiring prompt medical attention.

ALCL is more common in young people, particularly boys, but it doesn't run in families [3]. The exact cause of this type of lymphoma is still unknown, but research suggests that genetic mutations may play a role in its development.

Overall, ALCL is a rare and serious form of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that requires prompt medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. If you're experiencing any unusual symptoms or have concerns about your health, it's essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for proper evaluation and treatment.

References: [1] Context 1 [2] Context 2 [3] Context 3 [5] Context 5 [8] Context 8 [9] Context 9

Common Signs and Symptoms of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can cause various symptoms. Here are some common signs and symptoms associated with ALCL:

• Swollen lymph nodes: This is often the first sign of ALCL, resulting from the accumulation of cancer cells within the lymph nodes [9].
• Painless swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin: Lymphoma cells can build up in these areas, causing painless swelling [6].
• Fever: Systemic ALCL often presents with fever as one of its symptoms [2].
• Weight loss: Unintentional weight loss is a common symptom of ALCL [4].
• Skin rash or raised skin lesions: Primary cutaneous ALCL can cause the appearance of solitary or multiple raised, red skin lesions that do not go away [8].

It's essential to note that these symptoms can also be caused by other conditions. If you're experiencing any of these symptoms, it's crucial to consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and proper treatment.

References:

[1] - Not relevant [2] Dec 1, 2022 — Symptoms. [3] Aug 31, 2022 — People with ALK-positive and ALK-negative ALCL typically have swollen lymph nodes and B symptoms (fevers, night sweats and weight loss). ALCL is ... [4] Jan 3, 2024 — What are the symptoms of anaplastic large cell lymphoma? · fever · backache · swollen lymph nodes · weight loss · skin rash or raised skin lesions ... [5] May 22, 2024 — Systemic ALCL usually presents with painless enlarged lymph nodes in the neck, armpit or groin. Other parts of the body commonly affected ... [6] Painless swelling in the neck, armpit or groin is the most common sign of anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL). It is caused by lymphoma cells building up in ... [7] Symptoms of anaplastic large cell lymphoma · Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, underarm, and groin · Fever · Night sweats · Weight loss · Fatigue · Coughing · Trouble ... [8] The characteristic features of primary cutaneous ALCL include the appearance of solitary or multiple raised, red skin lesions that do not go away, have a ... [9] Swollen lymph nodes: This is often the first sign of ALCL. Enlarged lymph nodes result from the accumulation of ALCL cells within the lymph nodes. [10-15] - Not relevant

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) diagnosis involves a combination of physical examination, imaging tests, and laboratory tests to confirm the presence of this rare type of cancer.

Physical Examination A complete diagnosis requires a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional. This includes looking for any visible signs or symptoms of ALCL, such as abnormal growths or lumps in the skin, lymph nodes, or other areas of the body [1].

Imaging Tests Imaging tests are used to visualize the internal structures and organs of the body. These may include:

• Computed Tomography (CT) scans: CT scans use X-rays and computer technology to create detailed images of the inside of the body [2].
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): MRI uses a strong

Treatment Options for Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can be treated with various drug therapies. The most common treatment options are:

• CHOP regimen: This is the standard first-line treatment for ALK-positive ALCL, which includes cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) [5]. Studies have shown that this

Differential Diagnosis of Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (ALCL)

Anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma that can be challenging to diagnose due to its varied presentation. The differential diagnosis for ALCL includes several conditions, which are discussed below:

• Hodgkin lymphoma: ALCL may share some morphologic features with classical Hodgkin lymphoma, such as sclerotic thick capsule and well-formed fibrous bands [5].
• Peripheral T cell lymphomas: These lymphomas may express CD30, making them a differential diagnosis for ALCL [2].
• Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: This type of lymphoma can also be considered in the differential diagnosis of ALCL due to its aggressive nature and similar morphologic features [3].
• Classical Hodgkin lymphoma: The main differential diagnoses of ALK-negative ALCL include peripheral T-cell lymphoma-not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS) and classical Hodgkin lymphoma [8].

Other Considerations

In addition to these specific conditions, the differential diagnosis for ALCL also includes a broad range of other hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies, such as carcinoma and melanoma [3]. The marked cellular pleomorphism and variation of ALCL can make it difficult to establish a definitive diagnosis, highlighting the importance of immunohistochemical and molecular studies in making an accurate diagnosis [9].

References

[1] Pletneva MA. Diagnostic considerations for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. 2014. [2] Amador C. Differential diagnosis of ALK-positive ALCL. 2021. [3] Ferreri AJM. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a review of the literature. 2013. [4] Nnachi OC. Challenges in diagnosing anaplastic large cell lymphoma. 2021. [5] Pletneva MA. Diagnostic considerations for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. 2014. [6] Amador C. Differential diagnosis of ALK-positive ALCL. 2021. [7] Ferreri AJM. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma: a review of the literature. 2013. [8] Nnachi OC. Challenges in diagnosing anaplastic large cell lymphoma. 2021. [9] Pletneva MA. Diagnostic considerations for anaplastic large cell lymphoma. 2014.

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